Table 1.
Associations of hospitalization for JDM in US children
| Variable | Primary diagnosis of JDM | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||||||
| Freq | Row Percent [95% CI] |
Freq | Percent [95% CI] |
Crude OR [95% CI] |
P | Adjusted OR [95% CI] |
P | |
| Age | ||||||||
| 0–5 | 12,470,783 | 55.00 [54.35–55.64] | 1077 | 25.18 [19.85–30.52] | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| 6–11 | 3,371,272 | 14.87 [14.65–15.09] | 1686 | 39.42 [33.59–45.25] | 5.79 [4.23–7.93] | <.0001 | 4.62 [4.18–5.10] | <.0001 |
| 11–17 | 6,832,983 | 30.13 [29.47–30.80] | 1514 | 35.39 [29.87–40.91] | 2.565 [1.872–3.514] | <.0001 | 1.86 [1.67–2.06] | <.0001 |
| Season | ||||||||
| Fall | 5,305,485 | 25.01 [24.89–25.14] | 958 | 25.29 [21.95–28.64] | 1.21 [0.97–1.52] | 0.0980 | 1.18 [1.06–1.33] | 0.004 |
| Winter | 6,135,926 | 28.93 [28.69–29.17] | 916 | 24.18 [20.81–27.54] | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Spring | 5,007,154 | 23.61 [23.51–23.71] | 892 | 23.53 [20.49–26.57] | 1.19 [0.97–1.46] | 0.0931 | 1.13 [1.01–1.27] | 0.0349 |
| Summer | 4,761,755 | 22.45 [22.29–22.61] | 1023 | 27.00 [23.73–30.27] | 1.44 [1.15–1.80] | 0.0015 | 1.53 [1.37–1.71] | <.0001 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 10,343,988 | 54.16 [54.03–54.30] | 2753 | 64.74 [59.70–69.70] | 2.170 [1.739–2.708] | <.0001 | 2.22 [2.05–2.42] | <.0001 |
| Male | 12,222,939 | 45.84 [45.70–45.97] | 1499 | 35.26 [30.21–40.30] | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Race | ||||||||
| White | 9,127,707 | 51.60 [49.63–53.57] | 1712 | 51.83 [43.21–60.45] | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Black | 2,970,647 | 16.79 [15.48–18.11] | 529 | 16.02 [11.32–20.71] | 0.949 [0.650–1.388] | 0.7889 | 0.83 [0.73–0.94] | 0.0026 |
| Hispanic | 3,975,465 | 24.47 [20.45–24.50] | 811 | 24.56 [17.39–31.72] | 1.088 [0.731–1.619] | 0.6781 | 1.01 [0.91–1.13] | 0.8044 |
| Other | 1,615,416 | 9.13 [8.24–10.03] | 251 | 7.60 [3.71–11.48] | 0.828 [0.462–1.485] | 0.5271 | 0.60 [0.51–0.71] | <.0001 |
| Insurance | ||||||||
| Medicaid | 10,669,493 | 46.42 [45.17–47.66] | 1530 | 35.47 [30.99–39.95] | 0.658 [0.538–0.805] | <.0001 | 0.71 [0.65–0.78] | <.0001 |
| Private insurance | 10,435,364 | 45.40 [44.06–46.74] | 2273 | 52.71 [47.02–58.40] | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Self-pay | 855,164 | 3.72 [3.28–4.16] | 105 | 2.44 [0.21–4.66] | 0.564 [0.226–1.408] | 0.2197 | 0.57 [0.43–0.76] | <.0001 |
| No charge | 43,330 | 0.19 [0.12–0.26] | 9 | 0.20 [0.00–0.48] | 0.903 [0.226–3.606] | 0.8850 | 1.91 [0.97–3.76] | 0.0595 |
| Non-Medicaid government program | 888,190 | 3.86 [3.53–4.20] | 396 | 9.18 [5.08–13.29] | 2.047 [1.253–3.344] | 0.0043 | 2.59 [2.26–2.97] | <.0001 |
| Number of Chronic Conditions | ||||||||
| 0–1 | 16,472,397 | 71.53 [70.36–72.70] | 2479 | 57.42 [50.81–64.03] | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| 2 to 5 | 5,928,336 | 25.74 [24.77–26.72] | 1682 | 38.96 [33.40–44.52] | 1.885 [1.451–2.449] | <.0001 | 1.41 [1.30–1.54] | <.0001 |
| 6+ | 627,835 | 2.73 [2.48–2.97] | 156 | 3.62 [1.47–5.76] | 1.653 [0.844–3.236] | 0.1426 | 1.24 [1.00–1.52] | 0.046 |
| Hospital Location | ||||||||
| Metropolitan >1million | 7,153,680 | 37.36 [33.68–41.04] | 19,300 | 51.32 [40.24–62.41] | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Fringe/Metro < 1 million | 9,216,267 | 48.13 [44.80–51.47] | 1624 | 43.19 [32.59–53.79] | 0.653 [0.431–0.989] | 0.0443 | 0.70 [0.64–0.77] | <.0001 |
| Micropolitan | 1,736,350 | 9.07 [8.20–9.94] | 139 | 3.69 [1.48–5.91] | 0.296 [0.154–0.572] | 0.0003 | 0.27 [0.21–0.35] | <.0001 |
| Not metropolitan or micropolitan | 1,041,038 | 5.44 [4.92–5.95] | 67 | 1.79 [0.73–2.86] | 0.240 [0.127–0.454] | <.0001 | 0.25 [0.18–0.34] | <.0001 |
| Region | ||||||||
| Northeast | 4,281,720 | 18.59 [15.96–21.23] | 814 | 18.87 [7.69–30.04] | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Midwest | 4,853,593 | 21.08 [17.99–24.16] | 883 | 20.45 [10.90–29.99] | 0.956 [0.463–1.976] | 0.9035 | 0.82 [0.71–0.94] | 0.0047 |
| South | 8,992,204 | 39.05 [35.41–42.69] | 1450 | 33.59 [21.57–45.61] | 0.848 [0.421–1.708] | 0.6441 | 0.83 [0.74–0.94] | 0.0020 |
| West | 4,901,051 | 21.28 [18.32–24.25] | 1170 | 27.10 [15.36–38.84] | 1.255 [0.599–2.632] | 0.5470 | 1.23 [1.11–1.36] | <.0001 |
Missing data was encountered in 74,174 (1.7%) for age, 400,342(10.5%) for season, 96,625 (2.3%) for sex, 1,120,507 (26.2%) for race, 8898, (0.2%) for insurance, 0 (0.0%) for number of chronic conditions, 830,247 (19.7%) for hospital location, and 0 (0.0%) for region
There was no significant differences of missing values for season (p = 0.37), race/ethnicity (p = 0.76), or hospital location (p = 0.14) between hospitalizations with a primary, secondary, or no diagnosis of JDM. 95% CI 95% confidence interval; OR odds ratio