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. 2018 Nov 13;18:562. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3472-3

Table 2.

Drug taking risk exposures among PWUDs

Variables PWID = 119 Non- PWID = 1506
Men Women Total Men Women Total
Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %
Duration of drug use, median (IQR) 10 (5–13) 10 (4–12) 10 (5–13) 4 (1–8) 3 (1–6) 4 (1–7)
Duration of any drug use n = 117 n = 1468
 Users ≤12 months 7 6.9 3 20.0 10 8.6 303 25.2 82 30.7 385 26.2
 Users > 12 months 95 93.1 12 80.0 107 91.4 898 74.8 185 69.3 1083 73.8
Methods PWUDs used drugs at the first time
 Smoking 74 72.6 14 82.5 87 73.7 1158 96.7 254 93.7 1440 96.1
 Sniffing/drinking 8 7.8 0 0 8 6.9 35 2.9 15 5.5 52 3.5
 Injecting 20 19.6 2 12.5 22 18.6 4 0.3 2 0.7 6 0.4
Persons PWUDs used drug with at the first time
 Friends 89 87.4 13 81.3 103 87.3 1141 95.2 202 74.5 1370 91.3
 Sweethearts/spouses/relatives 8 7.8 2 12.5 10 8.4 26 2.2 47 17.3 73 4.9
 Alone 4 3.9 0 0.0 4 3.4 29 2.1 14 5.2 43 2.9
 Others 1 0.9 1 6.2 1 0.9 3 0.3 8 3.0 15 0.9
Persons who first introduced you to use drugs
 Friends 85 83.3 12 75.0 98 83.0 1079 90.0 189 69.7 1292 86.1
 Myself 8 7.8 2 12.5 10 8.5 73 6.1 22 8.1 99 6.5
 Sweethearts/spouses/relatives 8 7.8 2 12.5 10 8.5 44 3.7 49 18.1 76 5.1
 Others 1 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.2 11 4.1 34 2.3
Types of illicit drug used in the past 12 months
 Ice/amphetamine 79 77.5 14 87.5 92 78.0 998 82.9 203 74.6 1228 81.5
 Yama (pill of methamphetamine) 30 29.4 7 43.8 37 31.4 557 46.3 148 54.4 710 47.1
 Marijuana 16 15.7 1 6.3 17 14.4 140 11.6 13 4.8 153 10.2
 Heroin 59 57.8 12 75.0 73 61.9 33 2.7 9 3.3 42 2.8
 Ecstasy 4 3.9 3 18.8 7 5.9 54 4.5 26 9.6 80 5.3
 Others (including inhalant) 13 8.1 1 1.5 19 16.1 149 12.4 17 6.3 136 5.3
Reported uses at least 2 drugs in past 12 months 58 56.8 12 75.0 70 59.3 455 37.9 107 39.4 562 38.1
Last injecting drugs with re-used syringes and needles (n = 119) 38 31.9
Reported sharing needles and syringes when injecting drugs in past month (n = 59) 21 35.6