Table 3.

Analysis of risk factors for camel seropositivity, multivariable analysis showing odds ratios using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model considering the panel variable at herd level

		n neg	% neg	n pos	% pos	OR	95% CI	p-value
Province	Dornogobi	385	99.2	3	0.8	ref
	Dornod	228	94.6	13	5.4	7.9	2.1–30.1	0.003
	Khovd	368	99.7	1	0.3	0.4	0.05–3.2	0.4
	Sukhbaatar	280	94.0	18	6.0	10.2	2.7–38.6	0.001
	Umnogobi	524	99.6	2	0.4	0.5	0.1–2.4	0.4
Age class	≤ 4 years	248	98.2	5	1.8	ref
	>  4 years	1537	98.0	32	2.0	1.2	0.4–3.2	0.7
Sex	Female	1403	99.2	26	1.8	ref
	Male	322	97.0	10	3.0	0.8	0.3–1.8	0.5
Year	2013	224	94.5	13	5.5	ref
	2014	1177	98.2	22	1.8	1.0	0.4–2.4	1.0
	2015	384	99.5	2	0.5	1.0	0.2–5.6	1.0
Cattle present	no	238	100	0	0.0	ref
	yes	1547	97.7	37	2.3	8.1	1.5-inf	0.01Ɨ
Sheep present	no	126	100	0	0.0	ref
	yes	1659	97.8	37	2.2	4.0	0.7- inf	0.1 Ɨ
Goats present	no	102	100	0	0.0	ref
	yes	1683	97.8	37	2.2	3.2	0.6- inf	0.2 Ɨ

^Ɨ -exact logistic regression, * p ≤ 0.05