Fig. 3.

IL-2 and sorafenib co-treatment inhibited mitochondrial energy metabolism. a ATP production was measured in HepG2 cells subjected to IL-2 and sorafenib co-treatment. b–e Mitochondrial respiratory proteins were analysed via western blotting in HepG2 cells. IL-2 (5 ng/ml) treatment was carried out in the presence of 5 μM sorafenib. f, g Mitochondrial potential was detected through JC-1 staining. Red fluorescence, which indicated normal mitochondrial potential, was converted into green fluorescence after a reduction in mitochondrial potential. h, i The remaining glucose and the produced LDH in the medium were analysed for HepG2 cells. IL-2 (5 ng/ml) treatment was carried out in the presence of 5 μM sorafenib. *P < 0.05 vs. control group; ^#P < 0.05 vs. sorafenib group. Cont control