TABLE 5.

Fixed and random effects for random effects model

Fixed effects	Coefficient	SE	df	t Ratio
Posttest mean, γ00	0.972	0.034	22	28.88***
Pretest slope, γ10	0.170	0.038	22	4.44***
Quiz 1 slope, γ20	0.144	0.052	22	2.79*
Quiz 2 slope, γ30	0.104	0.040	22	2.61*

Random effects	Variance component	df	χ2	p Value
Posttest mean, u0	0.024	22	340.38	<0.001
Pretest slope, u1	0.009	22	26.02	0.250
Quiz 1 slope, u2	0.009	22	21.18	>0.500
Quiz 2 slope, u3	0.005	22	28.33	0.165
Level 1, r	0.040

*p < 0.05.

***p < 0.01.