Table 1.
Posterior mean and 95% credible intervals of parameters for the proposed LTJMM it to 16 outcomes from the ADNI
| Parameter |
Posterior mean (95% CI) |
Parameter |
Posterior mean (95% CI) |
Parameter |
Posterior mean (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hippocampus | CSF tau | MidTemp | |||
| Intercept | −3.885 (−4.375, −3.358) | Intercept | −0.992 (−1.530, −0.454) | Intercept | −3.028 (−3.510, −2.486) |
| Age | 0.054 (0.048, 0.059) | Age | 0.015 (0.009, 0.021) | Age | 0.043 (0.037, 0.048) |
| APOE ɛ4 | 0.353 (0.261, 0.448) | APOE ɛ4 | 0.475 (0.367, 0.579) | APOE ɛ4 | 0.291 (0.203, 0.386) |
| Sex | −0.303 (−0.390, −0.222) | Sex | 0.095 (−0.002, 0.194) | Sex | -0.096 (−0.188, −0.011) |
| Education | −0.007 (−0.023, 0.008) | Education | −0.025 (−0.043, −0.008) | Education | −0.011 (−0.027, 0.005) |
| Latent time | 0.056 (0.051, 0.063) | Latent time | 0.025 (0.020, 0.030) | Latent time | 0.058 (0.052, 0.064) |
| σ1 |
0.133 (0.130, 0.136) |
σ7 |
0.147 (0.141, 0.154) |
σ13 |
0.168 (0.165, 0.172) |
| ADAS13 |
CSF p-tau |
RAVLT learning |
|||
| Intercept | −1.038 (−1.490, −0.547) | Intercept | −0.818 (−1.341, −0.285) | Intercept | −0.416 (−0.869, 0.066) |
| Age | 0.024 (0.019, 0.029) | Age | 0.012 (0.006, 0.018) | Age | 0.017 (0.011, 0.022) |
| APOE ɛ4 | 0.401 (0.327, 0.474) | APOE ɛ4 | 0.536 (0.430, 0.639) | APOE ɛ4 | 0.367 (0.292, 0.444) |
| Sex | −0.250 (−0.326, −0.179) | Sex | 0.069 (−0.027, 0.168) | Sex | −0.262 (−0.336, −0.191) |
| Education | −0.051 (−0.065, −0.037) | Education | −0.025 (−0.042, −0.008) | Education | −0.044 (−0.058, −0.031) |
| Latent time | 0.059 (0.054, 0.066) | Latent time | 0.026 (0.021, 0.031) | Latent time | 0.050 (0.044, 0.056) |
| σ2 |
0.326 (0.319, 0.332) |
σ8 |
0.116 (0.111, 0.122) |
σ14 |
0.659 (0.647, 0.671) |
| FDG PET |
Whole Brain |
MMSE |
|||
| Intercept | −1.839 (−2.392, −1.281) | Intercept | −4.590 (−5.053, −4.095) | Intercept | −1.308 (−2.005, −0.534) |
| Age | 0.028 (0.022, 0.034) | Age | 0.063 (0.058, 0.068) | Age | 0.030 (0.021, 0.037) |
| APOE ɛ4 | 0.411 (0.320, 0.498) | APOE ɛ4 | 0.231 (0.138, 0.321) | APOE ɛ4 | 0.584 (0.469, 0.700) |
| Sex | −0.178 (−0.271, −0.089) | Sex | −0.198 (−0.283, −0.115) | Sex | −0.262 (−0.379, −0.149) |
| Education | −0.023 (−0.039, −0.006) | Education | −0.005 (−0.021, 0.011) | Education | −0.097 (−0.118, −0.076) |
| Latent time | 0.052 (0.046, 0.058) | Latent time | 0.052 (0.047, 0.058) | Latent time | 0.083 (0.075, 0.093) |
| σ3 |
0.292 (0.282, 0.303) |
σ9 |
0.139 (0.136, 0.141) |
σ15 |
1.051 (1.033, 1.070) |
| Amyloid PET |
CDRSB |
Fusiform |
|||
| Intercept | −0.372 (−0.913, 0.185) | Intercept | −0.624 (−1.518, 0.353) | Intercept | −2.742 (−3.229, −2.234) |
| Age | 0.001 (−0.005, 0.007) | Age | 0.013 (0.003, 0.023) | Age | 0.040 (0.035, 0.046) |
| APOE ɛ4 | 0.697 (0.594, 0.803) | APOE ɛ4 | 0.764 (0.609, 0.909) | APOE ɛ4 | 0.273 (0.184, 0.365) |
| Sex | 0.142 (0.042, 0.240) | Sex | −0.309 (−0.466, −0.162) | Sex | −0.089 (−0.181, 0.002) |
| Education | −0.007 (−0.025, 0.010) | Education | −0.079 (−0.108, −0.052) | Education | −0.017 (−0.034, −0.001) |
| Latent time | 0.030 (0.025, 0.036) | Latent time | 0.120 (0.110, 0.133) | Latent time | 0.050 (0.044, 0.056) |
| σ4 |
0.282 (0.269, 0.296) |
σ10 |
0.662 (0.650, 0.674) |
σ16 |
0.185 (0.181, 0.189) |
| CSF Aβ |
Entorhinal |
Standard deviation of latent time |
|||
| Intercept | −2.131 (−2.912, −1.307) | Intercept | -2.295 (−2.810, −1.773) | σδ | 10.679 (9.625, 11.602) |
| Age | 0.020 (0.011, 0.029) | Age | 0.034 (0.029, 0.039) | ||
| APOE ɛ4 | 0.915 (0.776, 1.057) | APOE ɛ4 | 0.356 (0.262, 0.448) | ||
| Sex | −0.142 (-0.275, −0.010) | Sex | 0.431 (0.344, 0.521) | ||
| Education | −0.005 (-0.029, 0.019) | Education | −0.035 (−0.051, −0.020) | ||
| Latent time | 0.046 (0.039, 0.055) | Latent time | 0.049 (0.044, 0.055) | ||
| σ5 |
0.416 (0.392, 0.441) |
σ11 |
0.345 (0.337, 0.353) |
||
| FAQ |
Ventricles |
||||
| Intercept | −2.382 (−3.337, −1.355) | Intercept | −4.954 (−5.439, −4.428) | ||
| Age | 0.027 (0.016, 0.037) | Age | 0.066 (0.061, 0.071) | ||
| APOE ɛ4 | 0.806 (0.646, 0.956) | APOE ɛ4 | 0.194 (0.098, 0.294) | ||
| Sex | −0.347 (−0.507, −0.195) | Sex | −0.343 (−0.435, −0.247) | ||
| Education | −0.064 (−0.093, −0.036) | Education | 0.007 (−0.010, 0.024) | ||
| Latent time | 0.125 (0.114, 0.138) | Latent time | 0.047 (0.042, 0.053) | ||
| σ6 | 0.846 (0.830, 0.861) | σ12 | 0.058 (0.057, 0.059) | ||
Abbreviations: ADNI, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; LTJMM, latent time joint mixed-effects model; APOE ɛ4, apolipoprotein E; PET, positron emission tomography; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; P-tau, phosphorylated tau; Aβ, amyloid-β; RAVLT, Rey Auditory Visual Learning Test; MidTemp, middle temporal gyrus; FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose; ADAS13, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (13-item version); MMSE, Mini–Mental State Examination; CDRSB, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes; FAQ, Functional Activities Questionnaire.