Table 1.
1st percentile (HED01) and 50th percentile (HED50) of estimated maternal Human Equivalent Doses (HEDs) for different PFOA concentration metrics (average prenatal, average postnatal, overall average, and maximum). HEDs were calculated for breastfeeding durations of 6 months, 12 months and 24 months, and for PFOA half-lives of 2.3 years and 3.8 years. 95% confidence intervals were estimated using 1000 bootstrap resamplings.
| Breastfeeding duration | Matching PFOA concentration metric | Human equivalent dose (mg/kg/day) (95% confidence intervals) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Half-life: 2.3 years | Half-life: 3.8 years | ||||
| HED01 | HED50 | HED01 | HED50 | ||
| 6 months | Prenatal (average) | 2.1 × 10−4 | 1.1 × 10−3 | 1.4 × 10−4 | 7.0 × 10−4 |
| (1.4 × 10−4, 2.4 × 10−4) | (1.0 × 10−3, 1.1 × 10−3) | (1.1 × 10−4, 1.6 × 10−4) | (6.8 × 10−4, 7.3 × 10−4) | ||
| Postnatal (average) | 1.0 × 10−4 | 7.3 × 10−4 | 6.4 × 10−5 | 4.4 × 10−4 | |
| (8.5 × 10−5, 1.3 × 10−4) | (6.9 × 10−4, 7.8 × 10−4) | (5.2 × 10−5, 8.4 × 10−5) | (4.1 × 10−4, 4.6 × 10−4) | ||
| Overall (average) | 9.9 × 10−5 | 7.0 × 10−4 | 6.2 × 10−5 | 4.3 × 10−4 | |
| (7.1 × 10−5, 1.2 × 10−4) | (6.7 × 10−4, 7.5 × 10−4) | (5.0 × 10−5, 7.2 × 10−5) | (4.1 × 10−4, 4.6 × 10−4) | ||
| Maximum | 9.6 × 10−5 | 6.3 × 10−4 | 6.2 × 10−5 | 3.9 × 10−4 | |
| (8.7 × 10−5, 1.1 × 10−4) | (5.9 × 10−4, 6.7 × 10−4) | (5.2 × 10−5, 7.3 × 10−5) | (3.8 × 10−4, 4.2 × 10−4) | ||
| 12 months | Prenatal (average) | 2.1 × 10−4 | 1.1 × 10−3 | 1.4 × 10−4 | 7.0 × 10−4 |
| (1.4 × 10−4, 2.4 × 10−4) | (1.0 × 10−3, 1.1 × 10−3) | (1.1 × 10−4, 1.6 × 10−4) | (6.8 × 10−4, 7.3 × 10−4) | ||
| Postnatal (average) | 8.6 × 10−5 | 5.5 × 10−4 | 5.3 × 10−5 | 3.2 × 10−4 | |
| (7.8 × 10−5, 9.6 × 10−5) | (5.1 × 10−4, 5.7 × 10−4) | (4.3 × 10−5, 6.6 × 10−5) | (3.1 × 10−4, 3.5 × 10−4) | ||
| Overall (average) | 7.8 × 10−5 | 5.4 × 10−4 | 5.0 × 10−5 | 3.3 × 10−4 | |
| (5.9 × 10−5, 9.6 × 10−5) | (5.1 × 10−4, 5.8 × 10−4) | (3.9 × 10−5, 5.8 × 10−5) | (3.2 × 10−4, 3.6 × 10−4) | ||
| Maximum | 8.9 × 10−5 | 5.8 × 10−4 | 5.8 × 10−5 | 3.5 × 10−4 | |
| (8.1 × 10−5, 1.0 × 10−4) | (5.4 × 10−4, 6.1 × 10−4) | (4.8 × 10−5, 6.7 × 10−5) | (3.4 × 10−4, 3.7 × 10−4) | ||
| 24 months | Prenatal (average) | 2.1 × 10−4 | 1.1 × 10−3 | 1.4 × 10−4 | 7.0 × 10−4 |
| (1.6 × 10−4, 2.4 × 10−4) | (1.0 × 10−3, 1.1 × 10−3) | (1.2 × 10−4, 1.6 × 10−4) | (6.8 × 10−4, 7.3 × 10−4) | ||
| Postnatal (average) | 8.0 × 10−5 | 4.9 × 10−4 | 4.9 × 10−5 | 3.0 × 10−4 | |
| (7.4 × 10−5, 8.8 × 10−5) | (4.7 × 10−4, 5.2 × 10−4) | (4.0 × 10−5, 6.1 × 10−5) | (2.8 × 10−4, 3.2 × 10−4) | ||
| Overall (average) | 7.3 × 10−5 | 5.0 × 10−4 | 4.7 × 10−5 | 3.1 × 10−4 | |
| (5.6 × 10−5, 9.2 × 10−5) | (4.7 × 10−4, 5.3 × 10−4) | (4.3 × 10−5, 5.5 × 10−5) | (2.9 × 10−4, 3.3 × 10−4) | ||
| Maximum | 8.9 × 10−5 | 5.8 × 10−4 | 5.8 × 10−5 | 3.5 × 10−4 | |
| (7.8 × 10−5, 9.8 × 10−5) | (5.4 × 10−4, 6.1 × 10−4) | (4.8 × 10−5, 6.6 × 10−5) | (3.4 × 10−4, 3.7 × 10−4) | ||