Table 2.
Association of diabetes self-management practices of type 2 diabetes patients with their demographic characteristics (N=218)
| Parameters | n (%); median (IQR) | DSMQ sum score Median (IQR) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.24a | ||
| Male | 112 (51.4) | 3.95 (2.96–7.24) | |
| Female | 106 (48.6) | 3.75 (2.71–6.35) | |
| Age (years) | 52 (45–60) | 0.55b | |
| 30–45 | 65 (29.8) | 3.96 (3.12–7.08) | |
| >45–60 | 102 (48.8) | 3.75 (2.71–6.93) | |
| >60 | 51 (23.4) | 3.96 (2.5–6.25) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.53 (24.99–32.32) | 0.40b | |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 3 (1.4) | 3.54 (2.29–3.54) | |
| Normal (18.5–<25) | 51 (22.9) | 3.33 (2.5–6.87) | |
| Overweight (25–<30) | 85 (38.5) | 4.37 (3.12–6.98) | |
| Obese ($30) | 79 (37.2) | 3.95 (2.92–7.08) | |
| Smoking | 0.004a | ||
| No | 206 (94.5) | 3.96 (2.92–7.08) | |
| Yes | 13 (5.5) | 2.5 (1.35–4.38) | |
| Education | 0.001b | ||
| No formal education | 48 (22) | 3.64 (2.34–5.57) | |
| Primary level | 37 (17) | 3.75 (2.60–5.63) | |
| Secondary level | 88 (40.4) | 3.75 (2.81–7.29) | |
| University level | 45 (20.6) | 5.21 (3.33–7.92) | |
| Family history of diabetes | 0.32b | ||
| First-degree relatives | 129 (59.2) | 3.96 (2.92–7.08) | |
| Second-degree relatives | 3 (1.4) | 2.29 (2.29–2.29) | |
| Both first- and second-degree relatives | 17 (7.8) | 5.63 (3.44–7.50) | |
| No history | 69 (31.7) | 3.75 (2.50–6.25) | |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 5 (2–10) | 0.74b | |
| <5 | 108 (49.5) | 3.96 (2.96–6.88) | |
| 5–9 | 44 (20.2) | 3.64 (2.71–7.50) | |
| >9–<15 | 41 (18.8) | 3.75 (2.71–6.14) | |
| $15 | 25 (11.5) | 3.96 (2.60–5.62) | |
| Antidiabetic therapy | <0.001b | ||
| Exclusively insulin | 36 (16.5) | 3.75 (2.5–6.67) | |
| Combined with medication | 67 (30.7) | 3.33 (2.50–5.21) | |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents only | 115 (52.8) | 4.79 (3.33–7.50) | |
| HbA1c value (%) | 8.9 (7.27–10.2) | <0.001a | |
| Good glycemic control (<7%) | 37 (17) | 7.71 (6.97–8.85) | |
| Poor glycemic control ($7%) | 181 (83) | 3.54 (2.71–5.21) |
Notes: Data are n (%) or median (IQR).
a
Association with DSMQ “sum scale” and DKQ sum scale; Mann–Whitney U test (two-tailed test).
b
Association with DSMQ sum scale and DKQ sum scale; Kruskal–Wallis test.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DKQ, Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire; DSMQ, Diabetes Self-management Questionnaire; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.