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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 14.
Published in final edited form as: Ageing Res Rev. 2018 May 25;46:42–59. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.004

Table 7.

General characteristics of randomized controlled trials testing the effect of vitamin D supplementation on IL-6 and CRP.

Study N Age
(years)^ 		BMI
(kg/m2)^ 		Population/
Health status		 Duration Intervention Baseline
levels^ 		Δ levels
from
baseline^
IL-6 (pg/ml) studies
Duggan et al. (2015) INT:
109
PLA:
109		 INT:
60.3±5.3
PLA:
59.0±4.7		 INT:
32.3±5.5
PLA:
32.5±6.1		 postmenopausal,
overweight or
obese women with
vitamin-D
Insufficiency		 48 weeks vitamin D3 2000
IU/d + a lifestyle-
based weight-loss
program or placebo
+ a lifestyle-based
weight-loss program		 bINT: 3.89
(3.33–4.53)
PLA: 3.89
(3.15–4.79)		 bINT: −
0.48
PLA: −
0.37
Sinha-Hikim et al. (2015) INT:
40
PLA:
40		 INT:
51.6±7.7
PLA:
52.4±6.7		 INT:
32.5±4.4
PLA:
32.9±4.5		 Participants with
pre-diabetes and
hypovitaminosis D		 48 weeks vitamin D3
supplementation
average dose (±SD)
85300 IU ±
16000/week i.m.		 INT: 3.4±2
PLA: 3.2±2		 INT: +0.3
PLA: +0.1
Sokol et al.(2012) INT:
45
PLA:
45		 INT:
55±9.6
PLA:
56.9±11.6		 INT:
29.6±6.2
PLA:
30.9±7.6		 Participants with
CAD and vitamin
D deficiency		 12 weeks ergocalciferol 50000
IU/week		 aINT: 4.1
(6.8)
PLA: 4.8
(4.5)		 aINT:
+0.59
PLA:
+0.76
Zittermann et al.(2009) INT:
82
PLA:
83		 INT:
47.4±10.3
PLA:
48.8±10.1		 INT:
33.7±4.1
PLA:
33.0±4.3		 Healthy
Overweight
participants and
hypovitaminosis D		 48 weeks vitamin D3 3332
IU/d or placebo
while participating
in a weight-
reduction program		 INT:
8.9±15.2
PLA:
7.8±12.3		 INT: −
3.5±14.0
PLA: −
1.9±10.9
CRP (mg/L) studies
Shaseb et al. (2016) INT:
55
PLA:
57		 INT:
54±6.13
PLA:
55.9±5.24		 INT: 27.5±
2.8
PLA:
26.9±2.8		 Patient with T2DM
and CAD		 8 weeks single-dose
administration of
either vitamin D
300000 IU i.m. or
placebo		 INT:
3.4±3.2
PLA:
3.0±2.3		 INT: 0
PLA: +0.8
Sadiya et al. (2015) INT:
45
PLA:
42		 INT:
49±8
PLA:
48±8		 INT:37.9±6.1
PLA:
37.6±7.7		 vitamin D-
deficient obese,
T2DM participants		 24 weeks Two phases of 3
months each. In
phase 1: vitamin D3
6000 IU/d vs
placebo capsules. In
phase 2: vitamin D3
3000 IU/d vs
placebo		 INT:
7.4±7.6
PLA:
8.0±9.2		 12 weeks:
INT: +0.4
PLA: +1.5

24 weeks:
INT: +0.6
PLA: +2
Sinha-Hikim et al. (2015) INT:
40
PLA:
40		 INT:
51.6±7.7
PLA:
52.4±6.7		 INT:
32.5±4.4
PLA:
32.9±4.5		 Participants with
pre-diabetes and
hypovitaminosis D		 48 weeks vitamin D3
supplementation
average dose (±SD)
85300 IU ±
16000/week i.m.		 INT:
5.6±2.4
PLA:
5.6±2.7		 INT: +0.2
PLA: 0
Gagnon et al. (2014) INT:
35
PLA:
45		 INT:
53.8±11.9
PLA:
55.3±11.1		 INT:
31.1±5.7
PLA:
31.9±6.2		 Vitamin D-
Deficient
participants at risk
of T2DM		 24 weeks CA 1200 mg/d +
vitamin D3 2000–
6000 IU/d to target
25(OH)D >75
nmol/L		 INT:
5.52±10.82
PLA:
2.44±2.15		 INT: −1.9
PLA:
+0.13
Chandler et al. (2014) 328 a51 a31 Healthy black
Population		 12 weeks vitamin D3 1000
IU/d, 2000 IU/d or
4000 IU/d or
placebo		 a4000 IU:
2.23 (0.66–
5.35)
2000 IU:
2.18 (0.6–
6.74)
1000 IU:
1.95 (0.79–
5.02)
PLA: 2.74
(1.14–4.56)		 a4000 IU:
−0.25
2000 IU:
+0.21
1000 IU:
+0.26
PLA: −
0.28
Breslavsky et al.(2013) INT:
24
PLA:
23		 INT:
66.8±9.2
PLA:
65.8±9.7		 INT:
27.9±5.2
PLA:
30.6±5.1		 Patients with
T2DM		 48 weeks vitamin D3 1000
IU/d		 INT: 6±5
PLA: 4±3		 INT: −2
PLA: +1
Stricker et al. (2012) INT:
31
PLA:
31		 INT:
72.9±8.7
PLA:
74.8±14.6		 - Patients with PAD 4 weeks Single oral
supplementation of
vitamin D3 100000
IU or placebo		 INT:
2.7±2.8
PLA:
3.7±5.2		 INT: +0.3
PLA: −0.9
Sokol et al.(2012) INT:
45
PLA:
45		 INT:
55±9.6
PLA:
56.9±11.6		 INT:
29.6±6.2
PLA:
30.9±7.6		 Participants with
CAD and vitamin
D deficiency		 12 weeks ergocalciferol 50000
IU/week		 aINT: 2.6
(5.2)
PLA: 1.8
(3.5)		 aINT: −
0.17
PLA: −
0.05

IL= interleukin, CRP= C-reactive protein, N= number of participants, Δ= change, INT= intervention, CNT= control, PLA= placebo, CA= calcium carbonate, 25(OH)D= 25-hydroxyvitamin D, T2DM= type 2 diabetes, PAD= peripheral artery disease, CAD= coronary artery disease.

^

= All values are means (± standard deviation (SD)).

a

= median (interquartile range)

b

= mean (95% confidence interval (CI)).

Change data are defined as the follow-up minus the baseline value.

*

: p< 0.05

**

: p< 0.01

***

: p< 0.001.