Table 3:

Societal Benefit Variable

Definition	Societal benefit variable refers to the level or degree to which participants perceive clinical trials as benefitting society or others (could be general or specific others).
None	Participants explicitly state that they perceive no societal benefit from their participation in clinical trials. Participant might mention that other participants believe their participation results in a societal benefit, but the participant then refutes this view and denies this benefit.
Weak	Participant reports that the societal benefits are “minimal,” “negligible,” or mat ‘they had not thought about it.”
Moderate	Participant reports mat there are “some” benefits to others and may suggest that clinical trials “help others.” They are likely to only mention “others” in a generic sense, without specifying particular people who might be helped by clinical trials.
Strong	Participant states repeatedly that clinical trials help others and/or society. They may elaborate in detail how studies help others while also naming specific individuals, such as family members or cancer patients, who can be helped by clinical trials. Participant might also describe him- or herself as a caring/compassionate person.
Super	Participant reiterates the societal benefits repeatedly throughout baseline interview and in response to a number of different prompts, such as questions about risk, decision-making factors, or motivation to do studies. Participant might also describe him- or herself as a caring/compassionate person and comes across as an altruist. Helping others appears as the primary reason or “main benefit” for participating in studies and participant might suggest mat they would participate even if money was not offered.
Missing Data	A societal benefit is not mentioned in the interview. This means it is impossible to assess their views of a societal benefit.