Table 2.
Circulating inflammation markers statistically significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk*
| Individual Model | Joint Model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marker and level, pg/mL | Case (n) | HR1† (95% CI) | HR2‡ (95% CI) | HR3§ (95% CI) |
| CCL2/MCP1 | ||||
| ≤445.38 | 98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 445.40-549.69 | 110 | 1.22 (0.86-1.75) | 1.21 (0.83-1.75) | 1.10 (0.70-1.75) |
| 549.89-674.99 | 116 | 1.34 (0.94-1.90) | 1.26 (0.87-1.82) | 1.47 (0.90-2.39) |
| ≥675.25 | 132 | 1.71 (1.20-2.45) | 1.69 (1.17-2.45) | 1.55 (0.92-2.62) |
| Ptrend | 0.003 | 0.007 | 0.07 | |
| CCL3/MIP1A | ||||
| ≤28.96 | 113 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 28.99-43.08 | 100 | 0.90 (0.63-1.28) | 0.94 (0.64-1.39) | 1.11 (0.70-1.78) |
| 43.14-75.13 | 93 | 0.67 (0.46-0.98) | 0.68 (0.46-1.02) | 0.69 (0.43-1.12) |
| ≥75.15 | 84 | 0.58 (0.38-0.89) | 0.61 (0.39-0.95) | 0.68 (0.39-1.18) |
| Ptrend | 0.007 | 0.02 | 0.05 | |
| CCL15/MIP1D | ||||
| ≤2446.43 | 102 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2450.04-3384.02 | 106 | 1.09 (0.77-1.55) | 1.13 (0.78-1.64) | 1.39 (0.86-2.26) |
| 3384.87-5308.52 | 124 | 1.26 (0.90-1.76) | 1.33 (0.94-1.90) | 1.47 (0.93-2.31) |
| ≥5313.51 | 124 | 1.39 (0.99-1.95) | 1.39 (0.97-1.98) | 1.32 (0.82-2.13) |
| Ptrend | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.14 | |
| CCL27/CTACK | ||||
| ≤589.96 | 101 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 590.3-726.74 | 106 | 1.00 (0.71-1.42) | 1.03 (0.72-1.48) | 0.99 (0.62-1.59) |
| 727.28-888.33 | 133 | 1.42 (1.01-2.01) | 1.48 (1.03-2.14) | 1.74 (1.09-2.78) |
| ≥888.69 | 116 | 1.33 (0.93-1.91) | 1.35 (0.92-1.97) | 1.31 (0.80-2.15) |
| Ptrend | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | |
| CXCL6/GCP2 | ||||
| ≤45.70 | 124 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 45.74-61.60 | 137 | 1.07 (0.78-1.48) | 1.14 (0.82-1.60) | 1.11 (0.72-1.70) |
| 61.69-80.66 | 95 | 0.71 (0.50-0.99) | 0.75 (0.53-1.08) | 0.73 (0.46-1.15) |
| ≥80.75 | 97 | 0.65 (0.46-0.93) | 0.70 (0.48-1.02) | 0.48 (0.29-1.82) |
| Ptrend | 0.003 | 0.02 | 0.004 | |
| sTNFR2 | ||||
| ≤6418.29 | 85 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 6428.68-7754.05 | 92 | 1.05 (0.92-1.55) | 1.04 (0.69-1.55) | 1.13 (0.71-1.80) |
| 7756.06-9379.25 | 90 | 1.00 (0.69-1.47) | 1.00 (0.67-1.49) | 1.06 (0.66-1.71) |
| ≥9380.91 | 125 | 1.47 (1.00-2.16) | 1.61 (1.07-2.41) | 1.80 (1.12-2.91) |
| Ptrend | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
Cox proportional hazards model stratified by age group and gender was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Abbreviations: CCL=chemokine (C-C motif) ligand, CXCL=chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand, CTACK=cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine, GCP2=granulocyte chemotactic protein 2, MCP1=monocyte chemoattractanct protein 1, MIP1A=macrophage inflammatory protein 1A, MIP1D=macrophage inflammatory protein 1D, sTNFR2=soluble necrosis factor receptor 2
HR1 was adjusted for age (in years), gender and study area (6 public health center areas)
HR2 was adjusted for covariates used in HR1 and family history of colorectal cancer (yes or no), history of diabetes (yes or no), BMI category (<21, 21-22.9, 23-26.9, and ≥27 kg/m2), smoking habits (never, past, current [<20 and ≥20 cigarettes/day]), alcohol drinking (no or occasionally drinking, currently drinking almost everyday [1-150, 151-300 and ≥300g ethanol/week]), physical activity (quartiles of metabolic equivalents/day)
HR3 was adjusted for the same covariates as HR2, and the other significant markers as categorical variables for categorical HR (95% CI )