Table 3.
Circulating inflammation markers statistically significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk in different phases*
| Years from sample until diagnosis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 5 years (n=125) | ≥ 5 years (n=332) | ||||
| Marker and level, pg/mL | Case (n) | HR† (95% CI) | Case (n) | HR† (95% CI) | Pinteraction‡ |
| CCL2/MCP1 | |||||
| ≤445.38 | 22 | 1.00 | 76 | 1.00 | 0.31 |
| 445.40-549.69 | 33 | 1.45 (0.88-2.41) | 77 | 1.13 (0.76-1.68) | |
| 549.89-674.99 | 29 | 1.33 (0.79-2.23) | 87 | 1.24 (0.84-1.83) | |
| ≥675.25 | 41 | 2.04 (1.25-3.33) | 91 | 1.57 (1.06-2.33) | |
| Ptrend | 0.005 | 0.02 | |||
| CCL3/MIP1A | |||||
| ≤28.96 | 32 | 1.00 | 81 | 1.00 | 0.64 |
| 28.99-43.08 | 25 | 0.83 (0.48-1.44) | 75 | 0.99 (0.65-1.49) | |
| 43.14-75.13 | 18 | 0.49 (0.27-0.89) | 75 | 0.76 (0.50-1.15) | |
| ≥75.15 | 24 | 0.62 (0.35-1.10) | 60 | 0.60 (0.37-0.97) | |
| Ptrend | 0.02 | 0.02 | |||
| CCL15/MIP1D | |||||
| ≤2446.43 | 25 | 1.00 | 77 | 1.00 | 0.61 |
| 2450.04-3384.02 | 28 | 1.24 (0.73-2.10) | 78 | 1.10 (0.74-1.63) | |
| 3384.87-5308.52 | 38 | 1.65 (1.01-2.71) | 86 | 1.23 (0.85-1.79) | |
| ≥5313.51 | 34 | 1.39 (0.85-2.27) | 90 | 1.40 (0.95-2.05) | |
| Ptrend | 0.05 | 0.07 | |||
| CCL27/CTACK | |||||
| ≤586.96 | 24 | 1.00 | 77 | 1.00 | 0.70 |
| 590.34-726.74 | 34 | 1.32 (0.81-2.15) | 72 | 0.93 (0.63-1.38) | |
| 727.28-888.33 | 37 | 1.60 (0.96-2.64) | 96 | 1.45 (0.99-2.13) | |
| ≥888.69 | 30 | 1.40 (0.83-2.36) | 86 | 1.33 (0.89-2.00) | |
| Ptrend | 0.05 | 0.06 | |||
| CXCL6/GCP2 | |||||
| ≤45.70 | 30 | 1.00 | 94 | 1.00 | 0.18 |
| 45.74-61.60 | 38 | 1.25 (0.79-1.98) | 99 | 1.11 (0.78-1.58) | |
| 61.69-80.66 | 24 | 0.89 (0.47-1.33) | 71 | 0.74 (0.51-1.09) | |
| ≥80.75 | 32 | 0.93 (0.57-1.53) | 65 | 0.63 (0.42-0.94) | |
| Ptrend | 0.24 | 0.007 | |||
| sTNFR2 | |||||
| ≤6418.29 | 14 | 1.00 | 71 | 1.00 | 0.01 |
| 6428.68-7754.05 | 24 | 1.36 (0.77-2.39) | 68 | 0.96 (0.63-1.47) | |
| 7756.06-9379.25 | 28 | 1.46 (0.85-2.50) | 62 | 0.88 (0.57-1.36) | |
| ≥9380.91 | 43 | 2.42 (1.44-4.05) | 82 | 1.40 (0.91-2.15) | |
| Ptrend | 0.001 | 0.12 | |||
Cox proportional hazards model stratified by age group and gender was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Abbreviations: CCL=chemokine (C-C motif) ligand, CXCL=chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand, CTACK=cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine, GCP2=granulocyte chemotactic protein 2, MCP1=monocyte chemoattractanct protein 1, MIP1A=macrophage inflammatory protein 1A, MIP1D=macrophage inflammatory protein 1D, sTNFR2=soluble necrosis factor receptor 2
HR was adjusted for age (in years), gender, study area (6 public health center areas), family history of colorectal cancer (yes or no), history of diabetes (yes or no), BMI category (<21, 21-22.9, 23-26.9, and ≥27 kg/m2), smoking habits (never, past, current [<20 and ≥20 cigarettes/day]), alcohol drinking (no or occasionally drinking, currently drinking almost everyday [1-150, 151-300 and ≥300g ethanol/week]), physical activity (quartiles of metabolic equivalents/day)
Pinteraction calculated based on ordinal quantile levels of markers, adjusted for the same covariates as HR1