Table 4.
Circulating inflammation markers statistically significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk in different sites*
| Colon (n=319) | Rectum (n=149) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marker and level, pg/mL | Case (n) | HR† (95% CI) | Case (n) | HR† (95% CI) | Pheterogeneity‡ |
| CCL2/MCP1 | |||||
| ≤445.38 | 68 | 1.00 | 33 | 1.00 | 0.15 |
| 445.40-549.69 | 70 | 1.12 (0.73-1.71) | 42 | 1.27 (0.72-2.23) | |
| 549.89-674.99 | 78 | 1.21 (0.79-1.84) | 39 | 1.27 (0.74-2.20) | |
| ≥675.25 | 102 | 1.95 (1.29-2.94) | 34 | 1.20 (0.67-2.15) | |
| Ptrend | 0.002 | 0.53 | |||
| CCL3/MIP1A | |||||
| ≤28.96 | 76 | 1.00 | 43 | 1.00 | 0.24 |
| 28.99-43.08 | 71 | 1.06 (0.68-1.65) | 31 | 0.71 (0.41-1.23) | |
| 43.14-75.13 | 63 | 0.69 (0.44-1.09) | 30 | 0.57 (0.31-1.03) | |
| ≥75.15 | 63 | 0.68 (0.41-1.13) | 22 | 0.43 (0.22-0.84) | |
| Ptrend | 0.06 | 0.01 | |||
| CCL15/MIP1D | |||||
| ≤2446.43 | 72 | 1.00 | 32 | 1.00 | 0.68 |
| 2450.04-3384.02 | 74 | 1.18 (0.77-1.82) | 36 | 1.11 (0.64-1.94) | |
| 3384.87-5308.52 | 90 | 1.45 (0.78-2.15) | 36 | 1.10 (0.63-1.90) | |
| ≥5313.51 | 82 | 1.33 (0.89-1.99) | 45 | 1.47 (0.86-2.52) | |
| Ptrend | 0.10 | 0.18 | |||
| CCL27/CTACK | |||||
| ≤586.96 | 73 | 1.00 | 30 | 1.00 | 0.76 |
| 590.34-726.74 | 73 | 0.99 (0.66-1.50) | 36 | 1.11 (0.64-1.94) | |
| 727.28-888.33 | 92 | 1.45 (0.96-2.18) | 44 | 1.55 (0.89-2.70) | |
| ≥888.69 | 80 | 1.27 (0.83-1.95) | 39 | 1.42 (0.78-2.57) | |
| Ptrend | 0.11 | 0.14 | |||
| CXCL6/GCP2 | |||||
| ≤45.70 | 87 | 1.00 | 41 | 1.00 | 0.23 |
| 45.74-61.60 | 87 | 1.04 (0.71-1.52) | 52 | 1.35 (0.83-2.18) | |
| 61.69-80.66 | 68 | 0.77 (0.51-1.15) | 29 | 0.70 (0.40-1.22) | |
| ≥80.75 | 74 | 0.74 (0.49-1.12) | 25 | 0.59 (0.32-1.07) | |
| Ptrend | 0.07 | 0.02 | |||
| sTNFR2 | |||||
| ≤6418.29 | 59 | 1.00 | 29 | 1.00 | 0.25 |
| 6428.68-7754.05 | 58 | 0.92 (0.57-1.49) | 37 | 1.27 (0.73-2.34) | |
| 7756.06-9379.25 | 68 | 1.07 (0.68-1.68) | 23 | 0.73 (0.38-1.42) | |
| ≥9380.91 | 91 | 1.76 (1.12-2.77) | 37 | 1.25 (0.67-2.32) | |
| Ptrend | 0.009 | 0.87 | |||
Cox proportional hazards model stratified by age group and gender was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Abbreviations: CCL=chemokine (C-C motif) ligand, CXCL=chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand, CTACK=cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine, GCP2=granulocyte chemotactic protein 2, MCP1=monocyte chemoattractanct protein 1, MIP1A=macrophage inflammatory protein 1A, MIP1D=macrophage inflammatory protein 1D, sTNFR2=soluble necrosis factor receptor 2
HR was adjusted for age (in years), gender, study area (6 public health center areas), family history of colorectal cancer (yes or no), history of diabetes (yes or no), BMI category (<21, 21-22.9, 23-26.9, and ≥27 kg/m2), smoking habits (never, past, current [<20 and ≥20 cigarettes/day]), alcohol drinking (no or occasionally drinking, currently drinking almost everyday [1-150, 151-300 and ≥300g ethanol/week]), physical activity (quartiles of metabolic equivalents/day)
Pheterogeneity calculated based on ordinal quantile levels of markers, adjusted for the same covariates as HR1