Table 2.
Effects of inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, trunk control and functional exercise capacity.
| Characteristics | Treatment group |
Control group |
Treatment affect | Effect size | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Mean difference %95 CI | Group difference | Before | After | Mean difference %95 CI | Group difference | |||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p | p | d | |||
| FEV1, % | 88.30 ± 18.96 | 88.90 ± 20.09 | 0.60 (−4.24 to 5.44) | 0.797 | 91.77 ± 8.42 | 94.00 ± 10.35 | 2.22 (−2.88 to 7.33) | 0.372 | 0.633 | |
| FVC, % | 80.30 ± 17.16 | 81.60 ± 17.84 | 1.30 (−3.37 to 5.97) | 0.565 | 84.77 ± 11.80 | 86.00 ± 12.10 | 1.22 (−3.70 to 6.15) | 0.608 | 0.981 | |
| FEV1/FVC | 105.50 ± 10.20 | 106.70 ± 10.20 | 1.20 (−1.05 to 3.45) | 0.277 | 106.00 ± 9.23 | 105.44 ± 9.76 | −0.55 (−2.93 to 1.81) | 0.628 | 0.274 | |
| FEF25–75, % | 88.10 ± 26.41 | 87.80 ± 24.04 | −0.30 (−5.11 to 4.51) | 0.828 | 87.66 ± 17.46 | 89.44 ± 16.80 | 1.77 (−3.29 to 6.84) | 0.483 | 0.539 | |
| PEF, % | 69.30 ± 17.41 | 77.10 ± 23.19 | 7.80 (4.015 to 11.58) | 0.001* | 69.36 ± 15.12 | 73.18 ± 14.67 | 3.81 (0.21 to 7.42) | 0.049* | 0.127 | |
| MIP, cmH2O | 65.83 ± 15.70 | 94.50 ± 16.07 | 28.66 (23.33 to 34.00) | <0.001* | 51.54 ± 22.54 | 57.36 ± 23.43 | 5.81 (0.24 to 11.39) | 0.041* | <0.001* | 1.20 |
| MIP, % predicted | 89.92 ± 17.21 | 129.65 ± 20.91 | 39.73 (32.20 to 47.25) | <0.001* | 69.03 ± 21.73 | 77.25 ± 23.28 | 8.21 (0.36 to 16.07) | 0.041* | <0.001* | 1.22 |
| MEP, cmH2O | 68.00 ± 23.21 | 82.50 ± 24.34 | 14.50 (8.00 to 20.99) | 0.001* | 52.90 ± 19.27 | 60.90 ± 16.48 | 8.00 (1.22 to 14.78) | 0.023* | 0.165 | 0.42 |
| MEP, % predicted | 74.14 ± 25.81 | 89.23 ± 25.05 | 15.08 (8.26 to 21.90) | <0.001* | 56.20 ± 15.97 | 65.85 ± 15.19 | 9.65 (2.52 to 16.78) | 0.010* | 0.265 | 0.54 |
| TCMS-SSB (0–20) | 19.08 ± 2.31 | 19.41 ± 1.72 | 0.33 (−0.09 to 0.76) | 0.123 | 19.36 ± 1.20 | 19.63 ± 1.50 | 0.27 (−0.17 to 0.72) | 0.222 | 0.842 | |
| TCMS-DSB-SMC (0–28) | 20.58 ± 3.17 | 23.75 ± 2.80 | 3.16 (2.47 to 3.85) | <0.001* | 20.54 ± 4.34 | 20.54 ± 4.41 | −3.55E−015 (−0.72 to 0.72) | 1.000 | <0.001* | 0.82 |
| TCMS-DSB-DR (0–10) | 7.41 ± 1.88 | 8.41 ± 1.56 | 1.00 (0.57 to 1.42) | <0.001* | 7.27 ± 1.48 | 7.63 ± 1.28 | 0.36 (−0.08 to 0.80) | 0.104 | 0.043* | 0.65 |
| TCMS-Total (0–58) | 47.08 ± 6.00 | 51.58 ± 5.24 | 4.50 (3.61 to 5.38) | <0.001* | 47.18 ± 5.58 | 47.81 ± 5.67 | 0.63 (−0.28 to 1.56) | 0.167 | <0.001* | 0.72 |
| 6MWT, m | 500.21 ± 60.61 | 566.60 ± 76.61 | 66.38 (53.53 to 89.23) | <0.001* | 456.69 ± 84.36 | 465.89 ± 91.56 | 9.20 (−4.22 to 22.62) | 0.169 | <0.001* | 0.84 |
| 6MWT, % predicted | 75.86 ± 9.48 | 85.98 ± 12.37 | 10.11 (8.06 to 12.16) | <0.001* | 69.91 ± 11.73 | 71.30 ± 12.78 | 1.39 (−0.74 to 3.52) | 0.190 | <0.001* | 0.86 |
FEV1, Forced Expiratory volume in One Second; FVC, Forced Vital Capacity; FEF25–75%, Forced Expiratory Flow from 25 to 75%; PEF, Peak Expiratory Flow; MIP, Maximal Inspiratory Pressure; MEP, Maximal Expiratory Pressure; TCMS-SSB, Trunk Control Measurement Scale-Static Sitting Balance; TCMS-DSB-SMC, Trunk Control Measurement Scale-Dynamic Sitting Balance-Selective Motor Control; TCMS-DSB-DR, Trunk Control Measurement Scale-Dynamic Sitting Balance-Dynamic Reaching; 6MWT, Six Minute Walk Test.
*
p ≤ 0.05.