Table 1.

Voltage dependent calcium channels

S.No.	Ca2+ current type	Voltage	Most often found in	Principal physiological functions
1	L-type calcium channel (“Long-Lasting” AKA “DHP Receptor”)	HVA (high voltage activated)	Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, bone (osteoblasts), ventricular myocytes (also termed DHP receptors), dendrites and dendritic spines of cortical neurones	Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac and smooth muscle, regulation of transcription endocrine secretion, neuronal Ca2+ transients in cell bodies and dendrites, regulation of enzyme activity, cardiac pacemaking, neuronal, visual transduction
2	P-type calcium channel(“Purkinje”) /Q-type calcium channel	HVA (high voltage activated)	Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum / Cerebellar granule cells	Neurotransmitter release, Dendritic Ca2+ transients
3	N-type calcium channel(“Neural”/"Non-L”)	HVA (high-voltage-activated)	Throughout the brain and peripheral nervous system.	Neurotransmitter release, Dendritic Ca2+ transients
4	R-type calcium channel(“Residual”)	intermediate-voltage-activated	Cerebellar granule cells, other neurons	Neurotransmitter release, Dendritic Ca2+ transients
5	T-type calcium channel(“Transient”)	low-voltage-activated	Neurons, cells that have pacemaker activity, bone (osteocytes), thalamus (thalamus)	Pacemaking and repetitive firing