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. 2018 May 4;22(6):474–483. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.04.006
Dominant side
Non dominant side
Male
Female
Male
Female
Age (years) Mean CI (95%) Mean CI (95%) Mean CI (95%) Mean CI (95%)
Shoulder abductors
5 4.48 (2.3–6.6) 5.23 (3.1–7.3) 4.64 (2.5–6.8) 4.98 (2.9–7.1)
6 5.04 (2.9–7.2) 5.20 (3.1–7.3) 5.29 (3.1–7.4) 5.30 (3.1–7.4)
7 5.76 (3.6–7.9) 5.23 (3.0–7.4) 5.89 (3.7–8.0) 5.18 (3.0–7.4)
8 6.37 (4.2–8.5) 6.20 (4.0–8.4) 5.89 (3.7–8.8) 6.21 (4.0–8.4)
9 6.78 (4.6–8.9) 6.06 (3.9–8.2) 6.66 (4.5–8.8) 5.43 (3.2–7.6)
10 6.62 (4.5–8.7) 6.33 (4.1–8.5) 6.64 (4.5–8.7) 5.99 (3.8–8.2)
11 7.85 (6.2–9.5) 5.18 (3.4–6.9) 7.82 (6.2–9.4) 5.31 (3.6–7.0)
12 8.93 (7.0–10.8) 7.54 (5.7–9.3) 8.82 (6.9–10.7) 7.31 (5.5–9.1)
13 10.55 (8.6–12.5) 8.13 (6.3–9.9) 10.88 (8.9–12.8) 7.73 (5.9–9.5)
14 12.30 (10.4–14.2) 9.65 (7.8–11.4) 11.69 (9.8–13.6) 8.93 (7.1–10.8)
15 17.37 (15.5–19.2) 7.98 (6.1–9.8) 17.22 (15.3–19.0) 7.10 (5.3–8.9)



Elbow flexors
5 6.59 (4.0–9.2) 7.35 (4.8–9.9) 6.61 (4.0–9.2) 7.04 (4.5–9.6)
6 7.35 (4.8–9.9) 8.36 (5.8–10.9) 7.24 (4.7–9.8) 7.92 (5.3–10.5)
7 9.14 (6.5–11.7) 7.68 (5.0–10.3) 8.74 (6.1–11.3) 7.46 (4.8–10.1)
8 9.60 (6.9–12.2) 9.24 (6.6–11.8) 8.67 (6.1–11.3) 8.75 (6.1–11.3)
9 9.88 (7.31–12.4) 10.01 (7.4–12.6) 8.96 (6.4–11.5) 9.20 (6.6–11.8)
10 10.83 (8.3–13.4) 9.79 (7.1–12.4) 10.30 (7.7–12.8) 9.37 (6.7–12.0)
11 11.97 (10.0–13.9) 9.01 (6.9–11.1) 11.57 (9.6–13.5) 8.86 (6.8–10.9)
12 12.84 (10.5–15.1) 11.39 (9.2–13.5) 12.07 (9.8–14.3) 10.94 (8.8–13.1)
13 14.22 (11.9–16.5) 12.16 (10.0–14.3) 13.32 (11.0–15.6) 12.8 (10.7–15.0)
14 18.19 (15.9–20.5) 12.96 (10.8–15.1) 18.04 (15.7–20.3) 12.79 (10.6–14.9)
15 6.59 (4.0–9.2) 7.35 (4.8–9.9) 20.10 (17.9–22.3) 11.09 (8.9–13.3)



Elbow extensors
5 5.35 (3.4–7.3) 6.54 (4.7–8.4) 5.60 (3.7–7.5) 6.72 (4.8–8.5)
6 5.83 (3.9–7.7) 6.89 (5.0–8.8) 6.54 (4.6–8.4) 6.74 (4.8–8.6)
7 7.14 (5.2–9.0) 5.86 (3.9–7.8) 7.50 (5.6–9.4) 5.65 (3.7–7.6)
8 7.40 (5.4–9.3) 7.31 (5.4–9.2) 7.33 (5.4–9.2) 6.98 (5.0–8.9)
9 7.85 (5.9–9.7) 6.94 (5.0–8.8) 7.78 (5.9–9.7) 6.65 (4.7–8.6)
10 8.43 (6.5–10.4) 7.03 (5.1–9.0) 8.90 (7.0–10.8) 6.28 (4.3–8.2)
11 9.72 (8.3–11.1) 7.35 (5.8–8.9) 8.80 (7.3–10.2) 6.55 (5.0–8.1)
12 9.69 (8.0–11.4) 8.29 (6.7–9.9) 9.48 (7.8–11.8) 8.97 (7.3–10.5)
13 10.33 (8.6–12.0) 8.29 (6.7–9.9) 10.75 (9.0–12.4) 8.58 (7.0–10.2)
14 12.80 (11.1–14.5) 8.32 (6.0–9.9) 13.24 (11.5–14.9) 9.08 (7.4–10.7)
15 15.76 (14.1–17.4) 8.26 (6.6–9.9) 14.18 (12.5–15.8) 7.74 (6.1–9.3)



Knee flexors
5 7.14 (4.1–10.1) 8.52 (5.6–11.4) 7.28 (4.2–10.3) 8.76 (5.8–11.7)
6 8.67 (5.7–11.6) 8.90 (5.9–11.9) 8.59 (5.60–11.6) 9.06 (6.1–12.0)
7 10.19 (7.1–13.2) 9.19 (6.1–12.2) 9.81 (6.8–12.8) 8.29 (5.2–11.3)
8 10.84 (7.8–13.8) 9.83 (6.8–12.8) 10.10 (7.0–13.1) 10.32 (7.3–13.3)
9 11.59 (8.6–14.6) 9.91 (6.9–12.9) 10.45 (7.5–13.4) 10.99 (7.9–14.0)
10 14.16 (11. 2–17.1) 11.37 (8.3–14.4) 12.42 (9.4–15.4) 10.83 (7.7–13.9)
11 13.17 (10.9–15.4) 11.28 (8.8–13.7) 13.13 (10.8–15.4) 10.56 (8.1–12.9)
12 14.04 (11.4–16.7) 11.70 (9.2–14.2) 12.87 (10.2–15.5) 11.31 (8.8–13.8)
13 13.07 (10.4–15.7) 14.57 (12.0–17.1) 13.54 (10.8–16.2) 13.56 (11.0–16.0)
14 20.60 (17.9–23.2) 14.57 (12.0–17.1) 18.02 (15.3–20.7) 13.25 (10.7–15.8)
15 19.09 (16.51–21.6) 12.90 (10.3–15.4) 18.89 (16.3–21.4) 13.21 (10.6–15.7)



Knee extensors
5 11.06 (6.6–15.4) 13.71 (9.4–18.0) 10.98 (6.5–15.4) 13.08 (8.7–17.4)
6 12.01 (7.6–16.4) 13.04 (8.7–17.4) 12.93 (8.5–17.3) 13.02 (8.6–17.4)
7 14.70 (10.2–19.1) 12.85 (8.4–17.3) 13.55 (9.1–17.9) 12.99 (8.5–17.5)
8 15.65 (11.2–20.1) 16.16 (11.7–20.6) 14.41 (9.9–18.8) 14.97 (10.5–19.4)
9 15.06 (10.7–19.4) 15.41 (10.9–19.9) 14.71 (10.3–19.1) 15.40 (10.9–19.8)
10 19.07 (14.7–23.4) 17.13 (12.6–21.6) 19.52 (15.1–23.9) 16.69 (12.1–21.2)
11 18.44 (15.1–21.8) 15.62 (12.0–19.2) 18.22 (14.9–21.5) 15.65 (12.0–19.2)
12 18.16 (14.2–22.0) 15.45 (11.7–19.1) 17.20 (13.3–21.1) 16.57 (12.9–20.3)
13 19.48 (15.5–23.4) 20.00 (16.3–23.7) 20.13 (16.2–24.0) 21.04 (17.3–24.7)
14 22.69 (18.8–26.6) 19.76 (16.0–23.5) 23.16 (19.2–27.0) 21.47 (17.7–25.2)
15 20.02 (16.2–23.8) 18.74 (15.0–22.5) 20.55 (16.8–24.3) 17.47 (13.7–21.2)



Dorsiflexors
5 4.36 (1.1–7.6) 5.82 (2.7–8.9) 3.79 (0.5–7.0) 5.30 (2.1–8.4)
6 6.20 (3.0–9.4) 7.06 (3.9–10.2) 6.10 (2.9–9.3) 7.17 (3.9–10.3)
7 7.68 (4.4–10.9) 6.33 (3.0–9.6) 7.78 (4.5–11.0) 6.18 (2.9–9.4)
8 9.64 (6.4–12.9) 7.67 (4.4–10.9) 8.98 (5.7–12.2) 7.28 (4.0–10.5)
9 9.51 (6.3–12.7) 8.54 (5.3–11.8) 9.23 (6.0–12.4) 7.62 (4.4–10.9)
10 9.55 (6.4–12.7) 8.94 (5.6–12.2) 10.31 (7.1–13.5) 8.94 (5.6–12.2)
11 10.30 (7.9–12.7) 9.12 (6.5–11.7) 10.28 (7.8–12.7) 9.37 (6.7–11.9)
12 10.02 (7.2–12.9) 9.30 (6.6–12.0) 8.91 (6.0–11.7) 9.60 (6.9–12.3)
13 9.53 (6.7–12.3) 11.46 (8.7–4.1) 9.55 (6.7–12.4) 11.45 (8.7–14.1)
14 13.22 (10.4–16.1) 14.14 (11.4–16.8) 12.41 (9.5–15.2) 13.58 (10.9–16.3)
15 16.69 (13.9–19.4) 11.95 (9.2–14.7) 14.26 (11.5–17.0) 11.52 (8.8–14.2)



Plantar flexors
5 10.04 (6.5–13.5) 9.45 (6.0–12.9) 9.75 (6.2–13.2) 9.78 (6.3–13.2)
6 10.29 (6.8–13.7) 11.20 (7.7–14.7) 9.54 (6.0–13.0) 10.97 (7.5–14.4)
7 12.56 (9.0–16.1) 10.22 (6.6–13.8) 12.40 (8.9–15.9) 10.04 (6.5–13.6)
8 13.64 (10.1–17.2) 14.29 (10.8–17.8) 13.51 (9.9–17.0) 13.76 (10.2–17.3)
9 13.68 (10.2–17.1) 17.21 (13.7–20.7) 13.62 (10.1–17.1) 15.23 (11.7–18.7)
10 18.33 (14.9–21.8) 16.18 (12.6–19.8) 16.71 (13.2–20.1) 14.75 (11.1–18.3)
11 15.74 (13.1–18.4) 16.05 (13.2–18.9) 15.47 (12.8–18.1) 15.12 (12.3–17.9)
12 12.89 (9.8–16.0) 14.52 (11.6–17.4) 13.67 (10.5–16.8) 13.73 (10.8–16.6)
13 14.23 (11.1–17.3) 19.63 (16.7–22.6) 14.18 (11.0–17.3) 18.40 (15.4–21.3)
14 19.03 (15.9–22.1) 19.52 (16.5–22.5) 18.73 (15.6–21.8) 19.51 (16.5–22.4)
15 15.75 (12.7–18.7) 17.47 (14.5–20.4) 16.85 (13.8–19.8) 17.31 (14.3–20.3)

Subtitle: CI, confidence interval.