Table 1.
Characteristics of study population
| Casesa | Population controls | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | All (n = 976) | AA (n = 489) | EA (n = 487) | All (n = 1034) | AA (n = 486) | EA (n = 548) |
| Ageb | ||||||
| Median (IQR) in years | 64 (11) | 63 (10) | 65 (11) | 65 (12) | 64 (10) | 66 (13) |
| BMI | ||||||
| Mean (SD) in kg m−2 | 28.2 (4.9) | 28.3 (5.5) | 28.2 (4.4) | 29.0 (5.3) | 29.8 (5.5) | 28.3 (5.0) |
| Education, N (%) | ||||||
| High school or less | 357 (37) | 231 (47) | 126 (26) | 250 (24) | 145 (30) | 105 (19) |
| Some college | 301 (31) | 172 (35) | 129 (26) | 268 (26) | 144 (30) | 124 (23) |
| College | 176 (18) | 58 (12) | 118 (24) | 262 (25) | 105 (21) | 157 (29) |
| Graduate | 141 (14) | 27 (6) | 114 (23) | 253 (25) | 91 (19) | 162 (29) |
| Did not provide | 1 (<1) | 1 (<1) | – | 1 (<1) | 1 (<1) | – |
| Baseline health factors | ||||||
| Family history of prostate cancerc, N (%) | ||||||
| No | 873 (89) | 440 (90) | 433 (89) | 963 (93) | 455 (94) | 508 (93) |
| Yes | 103 (11) | 49 (10) | 54 (11) | 71 (7) | 31 (6) | 40 (7) |
| Smoking statusd, N (%) | ||||||
| Current | 245 (25) | 169 (34) | 76 (16) | 151 (15) | 98 (20) | 53 (10) |
| Former | 399 (41) | 179 (37) | 220 (45) | 466 (45) | 201 (42) | 265 (49) |
| Never | 324 (33) | 136 (28) | 188 (39) | 408 (40) | 184 (38) | 224 (41) |
| Did not provide | 8 (1) | 5(1) | 3 (<1) | 9 (<1) | 3 (<1) | 6 (<1) |
| Stagee, N (%) | ||||||
| T1 | 187 (19) | 77 (16) | 110 (23) | |||
| T2 | 651 (67) | 351 (72) | 300 (62) | |||
| T3 | 79 (8) | 27 (6) | 52 (11) | |||
| T4 | 59 (6) | 34 (7) | 25 (5) | |||
| Gleason score, N (%) | ||||||
| ≤7 | 809 (83) | 404 (83) | 405 (83) | |||
| >7 | 167 (17) | 85 (17) | 82 (17) | |||
| Disease aggressiveness, N (%) | ||||||
| Nonaggressive diseasef | 732 (75) | 372 (76) | 360 (74) | |||
| Aggressive diseaseg | 244 (25) | 117 (24) | 127 (26) | |||
| PSA | ||||||
| Median (IQR) in ng per ml | 6.3 (6.0) | 7 (7.7) | 6 (4.7) | |||
AA African-American, EA European-American, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, PSA prostate specific antigen
aCases recruited within 2 years after disease diagnosis with an average interval between diagnosis and enrollment of 6.7 months
bAge at study interview
cFirst-degree relative with prostate cancer
dSmoking status describes cigarette smoking
ePathologically confirmed using American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition
fCases with pathologically confirmed T1 or T2 and Gleason score ≤ 7
gCases with pathologically confirmed T3 or T4 or Gleason score > 7