Fig. 1.

The effects of sex chromosome number and constitution on the rate of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in sex chromosome aneuploidies compared to typically developing males and females. Rate comparisons for a autism spectrum disorder, and b attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder between four sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs)—XYY syndrome (XYY), Klinefelter syndrome (XXY), XXX syndrome (XXX), and Turner syndrome (X0), and typically developing males (XY) and females (XX). The text indicates the effects of an extra X or Y chromosome or haploinsufficiency associated with these comparisons. Green represents SCA comparisons to a male sex phenotype; orange represents SCA comparisons to a female sex phenotype. Prevalence data are summarized in Table 1. When a range of prevalence is provided, we use the lower conservative prevalence rate