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. 2018 Nov 14;8:16809. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35011-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Anti-inflammatory effects of combination treatment on human NP cells. Panel shows histograms representing expression of (a,b) MMP-13 or (c,d) Cox-2 mRNA levels in human degenerative IVD - NP cells (H1–H8) treated with (a and c) rhIL-1β alone; (b and d) rhIL-1β + rhTNFα only or in the presence of a combination of rhCTGF (100 ng/ml) + rhTGFβ1 (10 ng/ml) as revealed by qRT-PCR analysis. p-values for combination of rhIL-1β/rhIL-1β + rhTNFα + rhCTGF + rhTGF-β1 are with respect to rhIL-1β alone or rhIL-1β + rhTNFα alone respectively (*p ≤ 0.05). ^‡These samples did not show expression of MMP-13 or Cox-2 on treatment with rhIL-1β alone or combination of rhIL-1β + rhTNFα.