Table 2.

The changes of inflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidant enzymes in participates after L.reuteri consumption.

Cytokine/anti-oxidant enzyme	Time point	placeboa	ADR-1a	P valueb	ADR-3a	P valueb
		N = 22	N = 22		N = 24
C-peptide (ng/ml)	3M-0M	−0.16 ± 0.49	0.03 ± 0.89	0.3773	−0.22 ± 0.62	0.7550
	6M-0M	0.05 ± 0.45	−0.03 ± 0.46	0.5447	−0.13 ± 0.63	0.2665
CRP (mg/dl)	3M-0M	−0.04 ± 0.18	0.04 ± 0.27	0.2697	0.06 ± 0.25	0.1282
	6M-0M	0.08 ± 0.28	0.03 ± 0.19	0.5483	0.05 ± 0.24	0.7636
IL-6 (ng/ml)	3M-0M	0.51 ± 1.30	−0.07 ± 2.34	0.3121	0.61 ± 1.69	0.8382
	6M-0M	0.90 ± 1.80	0.95 ± 2.65	0.9461	1.55 ± 2.41	0.3189
IL-10 (ng/ml)	3M-0M	1.43 ± 4.04	0.26 ± 1.63	0.2313	3.33 ± 12.16	0.4752
	6M-0M	1.04 ± 2.41	1.48 ± 3.09	0.6109	2.05 ± 3.25	0.2469
IL-17 (ng/ml)	3M-0M	−0.38 ± 2.54	0.60 ± 3.04	0.2630	−0.16 ± 2.32	0.7663
	6M-0M	−0.35 ± 3.63	0.66 ± 3.24	0.3464	0.47 ± 2.91	0.4097
TNF-α (pg/ml)	3M-0M	−20.00 ± 58.19	−3.36 ± 72.09	0.4265	−10.60 ± 50.26	0.5799
	6M-0M	−3.07 ± 72.22	−32.00 ± 81.24	0.2317	12.81 ± 86.00	0.5191
IL-1β (pg/ml)	3M-0M	0.00 ± 0.88	−0.69 ± 1.96	0.1604	−0.82 ± 2.69	0.1823
	6M-0M	0.21 ± 1.52	−0.72 ± 1.94	0.1027	−1.43 ± 2.70	0.0181
SOD (U/ml)	3M-0M	0.27 ± 0.82	0.85 ± 1.32	0.1338	−0.24 ± 1.00	0.1001
	6M-0M	0.39 ± 0.82	0.93 ± 0.95	0.0833	0.04 ± 1.31	0.3540
GPX (U/ml)	3M-0M	−0.62 ± 4.77	−1.57 ± 2.89	0.4908	−0.16 ± 4.66	0.7681
	6M-0M	−0.40 ± 3.79	−0.34 ± 3.24	0.9629	−0.27 ± 4.36	0.9256

Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GPX, glutathione peroxidase.

^aData were calculated by the value of later time point (3 month (3 M) or 6 month (6 M)) minus to starting point (0 M) and presented as mean ± SD.

^bTwo sample t-test analysis was used to compare mean values between placebo and ADR-1 or ADR-3 groups.