Table 1.
Participant demographics and baseline characteristics.
| Participants | Age (years) | Chronicity days | Severity | Clinical cause lesion location | Baseline ARAT | Completion ARAT | Follow up ARAT | ARAT change | FMA-UE change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 47–51 | 160 | Severe | L-Lateral medulla | 3 | 2 | 7 | –1 (4∗∗) | –2 (9∗∗∗) |
| 2 | 49–53 | 490 | Severe | R-MCA stroke | 3 | 4 | 8 | 1∗ (5∗∗) | 2∗ (11∗∗∗) |
| 3 | 76–80 | 658 | Mild | Leg/periventricular white, MHR | 57 | 57 | 57 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 4 | 67–51 | 2723 | Severe | R-PLIC putamen | 23 | 40 | 39 | 17∗∗∗ (16∗∗∗) | I3∗∗∗ (12∗∗∗) |
| 5 | 81–85 | 580 | Mild | Cerebellar vermis | 47 | 52 | 52 | 5∗∗ (5∗∗) | 2∗ (2∗) |
| 6 | 73–77 | 197 | Severe | R-prefrontal, midfrontal, temporal | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 (3∗∗) | 0 (7∗∗∗) |
| 7 | 62–66 | 101 | Mild | R-white matter | 56 | 57 | 57 | 1∗ (1∗) | 7∗∗∗ (7∗∗∗) |
| 8 | 40–44 | 2645 | Severe | R-frontal parietal | 7 | 7 | 7 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 9 | 55–59 | 588 | Severe | R-MCA | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1∗ (–3) | 2∗ (–7) |
| 10 | 45–49 | 452 | Severe | L-hemorrhagic stroke | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2∗ (0) | 4∗∗ (0) |
| 11 | 30–34 | 494 | Mild | L-ICA | 57 | 57 | 57 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 12 | 60–64 | 44 | Mild | L-PCA | 57 | 57 | 57 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 13 | 57–61 | 849 | Mild | L-MCA | 57 | 57 | 57 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 14 | 44–48 | 3017 | Severe | R-MCA/R-FI | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1∗ (2∗) | 2∗ (4∗∗) |
| 15 | 69–73 | 790 | Severe | R-MCA/R-TP | 3 | 0 | 3 | –3 (0) | –7 (0) |
| 16 | 78–82 | 631 | Mild | R-Occipital | 57 | 57 | 57 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 17 | 75–79 | 5125 | Severe | R-MCA/ACA | 9 | 11 | 10 | 2∗ (1∗) | 4∗∗ (2∗) |
| 18 | 42–46 | 177 | Mild | L-MCA | 57 | 57 | 57 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 19 | 62–66 | 392 | Severe | R-frontal hematoma R-VAOA | 3 | 5 | 16 | 2∗ (13∗∗∗) | 4∗ (29∗∗∗) |
| 20 | 55–59 | 2767 | Mild | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 57 | 57 | 57 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 21 | 69–73 | 783 | Severe | R-MCA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Mean | 61.6 | 1127 | 26.6 | 28.1 | 26.8 | 1.3 (2.2) | 1.5 (3.6) | ||
| (A) Median | 61.9 | 588 | 9 | 11 | 16 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| SD | 15 | 1327 | 26.4 | 26.3 | 25.9 | 3.9 (4.5) | 3.8 (7.4) | ||
| Mean | 61.1 | 1289 | 11.4 | 13.4 | 14.8∗ | 2 (3.4) | 2.2 (5.4) | ||
| (B) Median | 64 | 584 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 1 (1.5) | 2.0 (3.0) | ||
| SD | 13.5 | 1497 | 18 | 20.2 | 19.6 | 4.7 (5.2) | 4.5 (8.5) | ||
ARAT indicates Action Research Arm Test; FMA-UE indicates fugl-meyer assessment of upper extremity; MCA indicates middle cerebral artery; ICA indicates internal carotid artery; PCA indicates posterior cerebral artery; FI indicates frontoparietal infarct; TP indicates temporalfrontal-parietal; ACA indicates anterior cerebral artery; MHR indicates motor hand region; VAOA indicates vertebral artery origin aneurysm; L, left; R, right. ARAT change: completion-baseline (follow up-baseline). (A) indicates descriptive statistics for all (n = 21) participants; (B) indicates descriptive statistics for (n = 14) participants able to achieve ARAT improvements (ceilings removed). FMA-UE is a predicted change that was used to approximate equivalent score that assesses the association between the categorical range of ARAT scores, ∗ indicates responder (ΔARAT = 1); ∗∗ indicates minimal detectable change (MDC) (ΔARAT = 3);∗∗∗ indicates minimal clinically important difference (MCID) (ΔARAT = 5.7).