Fig. 6. Effect of galactose, pyruvate and exogenous NAD⁺ (eNAD) on cellular ROS levels and of exogenous antioxidants on the viability of LS fibroblasts.

CT1 and LS cells (S7, S8, V1) were cultured in glucose or galactose medium and analyzed at 24 h (CM-DCF fluorescence and HEt oxidation) and at 96 h (viability). a Effect of the various treatments on cellular ROS levels as reported by CM-DCF fluorescence (N = 4, n ≥ 36). b Same as a but now for HEt oxidation (N = 4, n ≥ 36). c Effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the viability of S8 cells in galactose medium (N = 3, n = 12). d Same as c but now for the antioxidant Trolox (N = 3, n = 12). Statistics: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, relative to the marked condition (a, b, c, d, e). Results for the individual cell lines are presented in Fig. S12