Table 1.
Characteristics of randomized participants, overall and by study arm
| All n = 50 |
Control n = 25 |
Incentives n = 25 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | |||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 46.6 (9.1) | 45.1 (9.6) | 48.1 (8.5) |
| Female, n (%) | 26 (52.0) | 14 (56.0) | 12 (48.0) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 21 (42.0) | 10 (40.0) | 11 (44.0) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 16 (32.0) | 9 (36.0) | 7 (28.0) |
| Hispanic | 11 (22.0) | 5 (20.0) | 6 (24.0) |
| Other | 2 (4.0) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (4.0) |
| Health | |||
| Fair or poor health, n (%) | 22 (44.0) | 13 (52.0) | 9 (36.0) |
| Alcohol problem, past month, n (%) | 8 (16.0) | 3 (12.0) | 5 (20.0) |
| Drank to intoxication, past month, n (%) | 11 (22.0) | 6 (24.0) | 5 (20.0) |
| Drug problem, past month, n (%) | 29 (59.2) | 14 (58.3) | 15 (60.0) |
| Heroin use, past month, n (%) | 7 (14.0) | 4 (16.0) | 3 (12.0) |
| Methadone use, past month, n (%) | 13 (26.0) | 8 (32.0) | 5 (20.0) |
| Other opiate/painkiller use, past month, n (%) | 14 (28.0) | 5 (20.0) | 9 (36.0) |
| Cocaine/crack use, past month, n (%) | 6 (12.0) | 3 (12.0) | 3 (12.0) |
| Cannabis use, past month, n (%) | 18 (36.0) | 10 (40.0) | 8 (32.0) |
| Psychiatric problem, past month, n (%) | 27 (54.0) | 15 (60.0) | 12 (48.0) |
| Serious depression, past month, n (%) | 22 (44.0) | 12 (48.0) | 10 (40.0) |
| Serious anxiety, past month, n (%) | 31 (62.0) | 15 (60.0) | 16 (64.0) |
| Trouble concentrating, past month, n (%) | 22 (44.0) | 14 (56.0) | 8 (32.0) |
| Smoking | |||
| Cigarettes per day, mean (SD) | 15.9 (7.1) | 16.2 (6.3) | 15.6 (8.0) |
| Nicotine dependence (0–10), mean (SD) | 5.1 (1.8) | 5.1 (1.8) | 5.1 (1.9) |
| Past quit attempts, median (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (2–5) |
| Quitting importance (1–10), mean (SD) | 8.7 (1.8) | 8.8 (1.5) | 8.5 (2.1) |
| Quitting confidence (1–10), mean (SD) | 6.6 (2.3) | 6.8 (2.2) | 6.4 (2.5) |