Table 2.
Predictors of Compliance With Scheduled Reporting
| Quitter | Partner | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Intercept | 9.06*** | [4.73 to 17.36] | 13.79*** | [5.64 to 33.71] |
| Level 1 (momentary) predictors | ||||
| Hour (GMC) | 1.10*** | [1.08 to 1.12] | 1.10*** | [1.08 to 1.12] |
| Compliant at t−1 (0 = no, 1 = yes) | 1.81*** | [1.34 to 2.45] | 2.19*** | [1.61 to 2.99] |
| Level 2 (daily) predictors | ||||
| Day of the study (GMC) | 1.00 | [0.98 to 1.03] | 0.99 | [0.97 to 1.02] |
| Weekend (GMC) | 1.10 | [0.82 to 1.48] | 1.24 | [0.91 to 1.70] |
| Today’s self-control (PMC) | 1.35** | [1.12 to 1.64] | 0.86 | [0.69 to 1.07] |
| Today’s relationship satisfaction (PMC) | 0.99 | [0.86 to 1.14] | 0.89 | [0.75 to 1.05] |
| Level 3 (person) predictors | ||||
| Sex (0 = men, 1 = women) | 0.98 | [0.51 to 1.87] | 1.15 | [0.60 to 2.17] |
| Age (GMC) | 1.00 | [0.97 to 1.04] | 0.99 | [0.95 to 1.03] |
| Race (0 = White, 1 = non-White) | 0.96 | [0.46 to 2.01] | 0.77 | [0.34 to 1.77] |
| Education (GMC) | 0.90 | [0.75 to 1.08] | 1.12 | [0.96 to 1.31] |
| Unemployed (0 = no, 1 = yes) | 1.46 | [0.74 to 2.90] | 1.76 | [0.74 to 4.09] |
| Marital status (0 = married, 1 = cohabiting) | 0.75 | [0.41 to 1.37] | 0.72 | [0.38 to 1.36] |
| Relationship length (GMC) | 0.97 | [0.93 to 1.02] | 1.01 | [0.97 to 1.06] |
| Children (0 = no, 1 = yes) | 1.08 | [0.55 to 2.13] | 0.98 | [0.51 to 1.88] |
| Conscientiousness (GMC)a | 1.04 | [0.69 to 1.58] | 1.01 | [0.72 to 1.39] |
| Neuroticism (GMC)b | 1.08 | [0.77 to 1.52] | 0.95 | [0.65 to 1.38] |
| Relationship satisfaction (GMC) | 1.48+ | [0.94 to 2.34] | 0.80 | [0.58 to 1.11] |
| Support for quitting (GMC)c | 0.97 | [0.71 to 1.34] | 1.00 | [0.67 to 1.49] |
| Motivation to quit (GMC) | 1.11 | [0.85 to 1.46] | — | — |
| Nicotine dependence (GMC) | 0.90* | [0.80 to 0.99] | — | — |
| Partner smoking status (0 = never, 1 = former) | 1.32 | [0.71 to 2.42] | 0.86 | [0.45 to 1.62] |
ORs less than one reflect negative associations and greater than one reflect positive associations between the predictor and the likelihood of being compliant. Uncentered hour ranged from 5 (5 am that day, opening of the morning report) to 28 (4 am the next day, close of the evening report). Compliant at t−1 refers to compliance at the previous time point (including the lag from evening to the following morning). Day of the study ranged from 1 (first evening of the study) to 22 (last morning of the study). Uncentered weekend was coded 0 (Monday to Friday) or 1 (Saturday/Sunday). Today’s self-control and relationship satisfaction were reported in the evening report. The intercept represents the likelihood of being compliant after previously being noncompliant, at a “typical” time of day, on a “typical” day of the study, on a “typical” day of the week, at each person’s average level of daily predictors, for married, White, employed men with no children and a never-smoker partner at sample average levels of all other predictors. OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval of the odds ratio; GMC = grand mean centered; PMC = person mean centered.
aResults were similar when measures of impulsivity (Lynam DR, Smith GT, Whiteside SP, Cyders MA. The UPPS-P: assessing five personality pathways to impulsive behavior (Technical Report). 2006, West Lafayette: Purdue University.) or self-control (Tangney JP, Baumeister RF, Boone AL. High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. J Pers. 2004; 72: 271–324.) were substituted for conscientiousness.
bResults were similar when measures of emotion regulation (Gratz KL, Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Psychopathol Behav. 2004; 26: 41–54.) or emotional reactivity (Nock MK, Wedig MM, Holmberg EB, Hooley JM. The emotion reactivity scale: development, evaluation, and relation to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. Behav Ther. 2008; 39: 107–116.) were substituted for neuroticism.
cQuitters reported the extent to which they expected their partner to provide support for quitting during the study. Partners reported the extent to which they planned to provide support for quitting.
+ p < .10, *p < .05, ***p < .001.