Figure 2.

Ketamine reduces the density and alters the mean length of dendritic spines. At 5 days in vitro, rat hippocampal neurons were exposed to different concentrations (100, 300 and 500 µM) of ketamine for 6 h. (A) Representative images demonstrating the dendritic arbor development of a control neuron and of a neuron treated with ketamine. Neurons were exposed to different concentrations of ketamine. White arrows indicate dendritic spines. (B) Number of dendritic spines per 100 µm. (C) Dendritic spine length. n=10. Magnification, ×400 and ×1,000. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. vehicle; ^#P<0.05 vs. 300 µM ketamine.