Table 1.

Examples of animal models of pre- and perinatal stress and human analogs.

Name	Description	Human Analog
Prenatal substance exposure	Injection of substance (e.g., cocaine, morphine) into mother	Prenatal substance exposure
Synthetic GC exposure	Injection of synthetic glucocorticoid into mother	Glucocorticoid use during pregnancy
Food restriction paradigm	Restrict mother access to food	Malnutrition
Restraint and immobilization stress paradigm	Mother kept in cylindrical tube or restrained with adhesive tape	Prenatal anxiety
Immune activation	synthetic double strand RNA polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (poly I:C) administered into mother	Prenatal viral infection
Maternal separation	Offspring exposed to maternal absence during first postnatal weeks	Postnatal neglect