Table 1.
Demographic and perioperative characteristics of the subjects.
| Delirium | Without Delirium | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N=39) | (N=136) | (N=175) | |
| Age (years) ∗ | 76.95±6.48 | 73.24±5.77 | 74.06±6.12 |
| Sex(male/female) | 12/27 | 39/97 | 51/124 |
| Education ∗ | |||
| None | 17 (43.6%) | 31 (22.8%) | 48 (27.4%) |
| Elementary School | 17 (43.6%) | 50 (36.8%) | 67 (38.3%) |
| Middle School | 2 (5.1%) | 26 (19.1%) | 28 (16.0%) |
| High School | 1 (2.6%) | 25 (18.4%) | 26 (14.9%) |
| Over College | 2 (5.1%) | 4 (2.9%) | 6 (3.4%) |
| Dementia ∗∗ | 2 (5.1%) | 3 (2.2%) | 5 (2.9%) |
| Daily Function ∗ | |||
| Independent | 21 (53.8%) | 96 (70.6%) | 117 (66.9%) |
| Need Help in Complex External Activities | 9 (23.1%) | 33 (24.3%) | 42 (24.0%) |
| Need Help in Daily Living Intermittently | 7 (17.9%) | 4 (2.9%) | 11 (6.3%) |
| Fully Dependent | 2 (5.1%) | 3 (2.2%) | 5 (2.9%) |
| Estimated Blood Loss(ml) +,++ | 991.17±1009.30 | 521.52±599.85 | 626.19±734.89 |
| Red Blood Cell | |||
| Preop† Hemoglobin(g/l) ∗ | 12.02±2.15 | 12.66±1.52 | 12.52±1.70 |
| Preop† Hematocrit(%) ∗ | 35.75±6.00 | 37.54±4.35 | 37.14±4.80 |
| Postop†† Hemoglobin(g/l) ∗ | 10.51±1.51 | 11.27±1.50 | 11.09±1.53 |
| Postop†† Hematocrit(%) | 31.04±4.42 | 33.28±4.29 | 32.77±4.41 |
| Operation Time (min) | 142.05±93.14 | 121.93±83.63 | 126.44±85.99 |
| Anesthetic Time (min) | 205.77±102.28 | 176.41±94.12 | 183.15±96.54 |
| Electrolytes | |||
| Preop† Sodium (mmol/l) ∗ | 135.05±20.28 | 139.90±3.31 | 138.82±10.12 |
| Preop† Potassium(mmol/l) | 4.21±0.59 | 4.29±0.52 | 4.27±0.54 |
| Postop†† Sodium (mmol/l) | 134.03±20.26 | 136.84±12.21 | 136.20±14.42 |
| Postop†† Potassium (mmol/l) | 3.65±0.40 | 3.88±0.49 | 3.83±0.48 |
| Pain | |||
| Preop† Pain (VAS) | 2.00±1.41 | 1.87±1.66 | 1.90±1.61 |
| Postop†† Pain (VAS) ∗ | 1.59±2.02 | 0.75±1.35 | 0.94±1.56 |
∗P<0.05. ∗∗Diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision (DSM-IV-TR). +The estimated volume of blood loss was determined through Mercuriali's formula.++P<0.001. †The sample was taken on the first or second hospital day, before operation. ††The sample was taken on the second postoperative day