Protective effects of NR on acute lung injury in endotoxemic mice. After receiving an intraperitoneal injection of NR (300 mg/kg) or vehicle, mice were challenged with LPS (4 mg/kg), FIP or saline. (A) Lung tissues were collected, fixed in formalin and embedded in wax. After sectioning and processing, H&E staining was performed. A representative H&E staining for histological changes is presented from 5 different hearts. (B–D) Four hours later after LPS injection, MDA level (B), caspase-3 activity (C) and MPO (D) were analyzed in lung tissues, and pulmonary microvascular albumin leak was determined (E). Data are mean ± SD (n = 5 mice in each group). *P<0.05 vs saline + vehicle, †P<0.05 vs vehicle + LPS.