Table 3.
Subgroup analyses of clinical outcomes between the GDFTdyn and standard fluid therapy group
| Subgroups | Analysis 1 | Analysis 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies, n | OR/MD | 95%CI | P value | Studies, n | OR/MD | 95% CI | P value | |
| Short-term mortality | ||||||||
| Surgery | ||||||||
| Non-cardiac | 6 | 0.85 | (0.32, 2.24) | 0.74 | 11 | 0.49 | (0.24, 1.00) | 0.05 |
| Cardiac | – | – | – | – | 2 | 0.35 | (0.09, 1.36) | 0.13 |
| risk | ||||||||
| High | 5 | 0.69 | (0.25, 1.93) | 0.48 | 12 | 0.45 | (0.24, 0.85) | 0.01* |
| Moderate | 1 | 5.25 | (0.24, 112.8) | 0.29 | – | – | – | – |
| Fluid/inotropes | ||||||||
| Fluid | 6 | 0.85 | (0.32, 2.24) | 0.74 | 2 | 0.96 | (0.04, 23.99) | 0.98 |
| Fluid+inotropes | – | – | – | – | 11 | 0.42 | (0.22, 0.82) | 0.01* |
| Monitoring devices | ||||||||
| Minimally invasive | 5 | 0.69 | (0.25, 1.93) | 0.48 | 13 | 0.45 | (0.24, 0.85) | 0.01* |
| Non-invasive | 1 | 5.25 | (0.24, 112.8) | 0.29 | – | – | – | – |
| Overall morbidity | ||||||||
| Surgery | ||||||||
| Non-cardiac | 3 | 1.03 | (0.31, 3.37) | 0.97 | 14 | 0.4 | (0.28, 0.59) | <0.00001* |
| Cardiac | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.4 | (0.15, 1.06) | 0.07 |
| risk | ||||||||
| High | 3 | 1.03 | (0.31, 3.37) | 0.97 | 14 | 0.4 | (0.27, 0.58) | <0.00001* |
| Moderate | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.51 | (0.18, 1.42) | 0.2 |
| Fluid/inotropes | ||||||||
| Fluid | 3 | 1.03 | (0.31, 3.37) | 0.97 | 3 | 0.6 | (0.30, 1.20) | 0.15 |
| Fluid+inotropes | – | – | – | – | 12 | 0.37 | (0.25, 0.55) | <0.00001* |
| Monitoring devices | ||||||||
| Minimally invasive | 3 | 1.03 | (0.31, 3.37) | 0.97 | 14 | 0.4 | (0.27, 0.58) | <0.00001* |
| Non-invasive | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.51 | (0.17, 1.58) | 0.24 |
| Serum lactate concentration | ||||||||
| Surgery | ||||||||
| Non-cardiac | 9 | -0.21 | (−0.39, −0.03) | 0.02* | 9 | −0.67 | (−1.14, −0.20) | 0.005* |
| Cardiac | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.03 | (−0.18, 0.24) | 0.78 |
| risk | ||||||||
| High | 6 | − 0.17 | (− 0.32, − 0.02) | 0.03* | 10 | − 0.6 | (− 1.04, − 0.15) | 0.009* |
| Moderate | 3 | − 0.19 | (− 0.49, 0.11) | 0.21 | – | – | – | – |
| Fluid/inotropes | ||||||||
| Fluid | 9 | − 0.21 | (− 0.39, − 0.03) | 0.02* | 1 | − 0.4 | (− 0.87, 0.07) | 0.1 |
| Fluid+inotropes | – | – | – | – | 9 | − 0.62 | (− 1.10, − 0.13) | 0.01* |
| Monitoring devices | ||||||||
| Minimally invasive | 6 | − 0.17 | (− 0.32, − 0.02) | 0.03* | 9 | − 0.68 | (− 1.15, − 0.22) | 0.004* |
| Non-invasive | 3 | − 0.19 | (− 0.49, 0.11) | 0.21 | 1 | 0.24 | (− 0.22, 0.70) | 0.31 |
| length of stay in ICU | ||||||||
| Surgery | ||||||||
| Non-cardiac | 2 | −0.26 | (−2.00, 1.47) | 0.77 | 10 | −0.77 | (−1.15, − 0.39) | <0.0001* |
| Cardiac | – | – | – | – | 4 | −0.86 | (− 1.68, − 0.04) | 0.04* |
| Risk | ||||||||
| High | 2 | −0.26 | (−2.00, 1.47) | 0.77 | 12 | −0.77 | (−1.09, − 0.45) | < 0.00001* |
| Moderate | – | – | – | – | 2 | −0.76 | (− 1.67, 0.15) | 0.1 |
| Fluid/inotropes | ||||||||
| Fluid | 2 | −0.26 | (− 2.00, 1.47) | 0.77 | 1 | −0.5 | (−1.46, 0.46) | 0.3 |
| Fluid+inotropes | – | – | – | – | 13 | −0.79 | (−1.10, − 0.47) | <0.00001* |
| Monitoring devices | ||||||||
| Minimally invasive | 1 | −0.67 | (−2.88, 1.54) | 0.55 | 14 | −0.77 | (−1.07, − 0.46) | <0.00001* |
| Non-invasive | 1 | 0.4 | (−2.41, 3.21) | 0.78 | – | – | – | – |
| length of stay in hospital | ||||||||
| Surgery | ||||||||
| Non-cardiac | 7 | 0.19 | (−1.11, 1.49) | 0.77 | 17 | −1.13 | (−1.94, −0.32) | 0.006* |
| Cardiac | – | – | – | – | 4 | −1.42 | (−2.63, − 0.21) | 0.02* |
| Risk | ||||||||
| High | 5 | 0.54 | (−1.88, 2.96) | 0.66 | 17 | −1.45 | (−2.37, −0.52) | 0.002* |
| Moderate | 2 | −0.01 | (−0.55, 0.54) | 0.98 | 4 | −0.33 | (−1.47, 0.81) | 0.58 |
| Fluid/inotropes | ||||||||
| Fluid | 7 | 0.19 | (−1.11, 1.49) | 0.77 | 2 | 0.16 | (−1.74, 2.05) | 0.87 |
| Fluid+inotropes | – | – | – | – | 19 | −1.28 | (− 1.82, −0.73) | <0.00001* |
| Monitoring devices | ||||||||
| Minimally invasive | 5 | 0.54 | (−1.88, 2.96) | 0.66 | 20 | −1.23 | (−1.96, −0.49) | 0.001* |
| Non-invasive | 2 | −0.01 | (−0.55, 0.54) | 0.98 | 1 | 0 | (−2.65, 2.65) | 1 |
Analysis 1: goal-directed fluid therapy based on dynamic parameters (GDFTdyn) alone versus standard fluid therapy; analysis 2: GDFTdyn with other optimization goals versus standard fluid therapy. Results for short-term mortality and overall morbidity are presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results on serum lactate concentration and length of stay in the ICU and in hospital are presented as mean difference (MD) and 95% CI
ICU intensive care unit
*P < 0.05