Figure 1.

Intensive blood glucose lowering reduces risk of end stage kidney disease when compared to standard glucose lowering in long term follow up studies. This is not observed in intensive blood pressure lowering and fibrate use. ACCORDION, Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Follow-On Study; ADVANCE-ON, Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation Post Trial Observational Study; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; DSCR, doubling of serum creatinine reading; FIELD, Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes Study; HR, hazard ratio; SPRINT, Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial; VADT-F, Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial Follow-Up Study.