Table 3.
Univariable association of risk factors with transfusions in hospitalized patients with acute kidney disease
| Characteristic | Missing | Transfusion n=12 | No Transfusion n=147 | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, yr | 0 | 56 (46, 70) | 59 (48, 68) | 0.75 |
| Female | 0 | 9 (75%) | 59 (40%) | 0.02 |
| Black race | 0 | 4 (33%) | 33 (22%) | 0.39 |
| Diabetes | 2 | 2 (18%) | 61 (42%) | 0.12 |
| Hypertension | 0 | 6 (50%) | 100 (68%) | 0.20 |
| Cirrhosis | 2 | 3 (27%) | 17 (12%) | 0.13 |
| CKD | 12 | 7 (58%) | 84 (62%) | 0.79 |
| Weight, kg | 0 | 78 (64, 91) | 86 (70, 101) | 0.22 |
| Height, cm | 0 | 168 (159, 171) | 170 (163, 178) | 0.18 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0 | 27 (25, 33) | 28 (25, 33) | 0.56 |
| BMI>35 kg/m2 | 0 | 2 (17%) | 30 (20%) | 0.76 |
| Baseline laboratory features | ||||
| Baseline creatinine, mg/dl | 12 | 1.3 (0.8, 1.7) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.9) | 0.54 |
| Baseline GFR, ml/min | 12 | 48 (31, 71) | 46 (29, 74) | 0.97 |
| Baseline protein-to-creatinine ratio, mg/mg | 30 | 4.7 (1.0, 6.6) | 2.0 (0.5, 4.8) | 0.44 |
| Dipstick protein ≥3 | 6 | 11 (92%) | 100 (71%) | 0.12 |
| Features at biopsy | ||||
| AKI | 0 | 10 (83%) | 122 (83%) | 0.98 |
| Stage 1 | 3 | 7 (58%) | 73 (51%) | 0.61 |
| Stage 2 or higher | 3 | 2 (17%) | 40 (28%) | 0.40 |
| Dialysis | 1 | 2 (17%) | 14 (10%) | 0.44 |
| Acute kidney disease (excluding AKI) | 0 | 2 (17%) | 25 (17%) | 0.98 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0 | 6.3 (3.9, 9.0) | 4.4 (3.2, 6.4) | 0.20 |
| BUN, mg/dl | 0 | 66 (57, 106) | 51 (34, 76) | 0.04 |
| BUN>60 mg/dl | 0 | 8 (67%) | 57 (39%) | 0.06 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 0 | 8.5 (7.4, 8.7) | 9.4 (8.1, 10.4) | 0.008 |
| Hemoglobin<10 g/dl | 0 | 12 (100%) | 104 (71%) | 0.03 |
| Platelets per mm3 | 0 | 112 (86, 189) | 209 (150, 285) | 0.003 |
| Platelets<120,000 per mm3 | 0 | 7 (23%) | 5 (4%) | 0.002 |
| PTT before biopsy | 24 | 30 (28, 40) | 28 (25, 33) | 0.13 |
| INR before biopsy | 16 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) | 0.25 |
| Antiplatelet drugs (7 d before biopsy) | 16 | 1 (9%) | 18 (14%) | 0.67 |
| Anticoagulant drugs (7 d before biopsy) | 0 | 6 (50%) | 78 (53%) | 0.84 |
| BP | ||||
| Systolic BP | 23 | 143 (136, 153) | 135 (121, 150) | 0.50 |
| Diastolic BP | 23 | 81 (62, 87) | 77 (67, 82) | 0.87 |
| Mean arterial pressure | 23 | 97 (92, 103) | 97 (84, 105) | 0.89 |
| Systolic>140 mm of Hg | 23 | 5 (56%) | 53 (42%) | 0.50 |
| Diastolic>90 mm of Hg | 23 | 0 (0%) | 13 (10%) | 0.60 |
| Location | 0.02 | |||
| Floor | 0 | 8 (67%) | 135 (92%) | |
| Intensive care unit | 0 | 4 (33%) | 12 (8%) | |
| York St. (versus St. Raphael’s campus) | 0 | 12 (100%) | 116 (79%) | 0.08 |
| Procedural Factors | ||||
| Passes | 13 | 2 (3, 3) | 3 (3, 2) | 0.95 |
| Fellow as primary proceduralist (versus Attending) | 0 | 11 (92%) | 92 (63%) | 0.04 |
| Nephrology (versus Radiology) | 0 | 11 (92%) | 93 (63%) | 0.05 |
| Needle gauge 16 (versus 18) | 0 | 10 (83%) | 78 (53%) | 0.04 |
| Ultrasound-guided (versus CT) | 0 | 11 (92%) | 107 (73%) | 0.15 |
| Desmopressin within 4 h of biopsy | 0 | 7 (58%) | 117 (80%) | 0.09 |
| Postprocedural findings and complications | ||||
| Hemoglobin after biopsy, g/dl | 4 | 6.6 (6.3, 7.0) | 8.4 (7.4, 9.5) | <0.001 |
| Drop in hemoglobin, g/dl | 4 | 1.4 (0.7, 2.1) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 0.003 |
| Percentage drop in hemoglobin | 4 | 16.4 (9.0, 23.9) | 7.5 (3.8, 13.8) | 0.003 |
| Number of hemoglobin measurements | 4 | 12 (9, 17) | 6 (3, 8) | <0.001 |
| Reimaging after biopsy | 0 | 9 (75%) | 22 (15%) | <0.001 |
| Time to reimaging, h | 12.9 (1.9, 40.0) | 29.9 (19.7, 72.7) | 0.14 | |
| Hematoma | 14 | 8 (73%) | 3 (2%) | <0.001 |
| Angiographic intervention after biopsy | 0 | 3 (25%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
| Death | 0 | 1 (8%) | 3 (2%) | 0.18 |
| Primary histologic diagnosis | 0 | 0.22 | ||
| Acute interstitial nephritis | 0 | 0 (0%) | 24 (16%) | |
| Acute tubular necrosis | 0 | 4 (33%) | 26 (18%) | |
| Diabetes | 0 | 1 (8%) | 27 (18%) | |
| Glomerular disease | 0 | 4 (33%) | 33 (22%) | |
| Arterionephrosclerosis | 0 | 0 (0%) | 17 (12%) | |
| Other | 0 | 3 (25%) | 20 (14%) | |
| Other biopsy features | ||||
| IFTA>40% on the basis of biopsy report | 15 | 1 (10%) | 41 (31%) | 0.17 |
| Glomerulosclerosis on the basis of biopsy, % | 12 | 9 (0, 17) | 15 (0, 42) | 0.23 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%). BMI, body mass index; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; INR, international normalized ratio; CT, computerized tomography; IFTA, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy.
a
Wilcoxon rank-sum test, chi-squared, or Fisher’s exact test.