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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 21.
Published in final edited form as: Anal Chem. 2018 Jul 30;90(16):9943–9950. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02170

Scheme 1. Metabolic activation of 4-aminobiphenyl and aristolochic acid I and DNA adduct formation.

Scheme 1.

The bioactivation of 4-ABP by cytochrome P450 (P450) and the bioactivation of AA-I occurs by several enzymes, including P450 or NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1. N-acetylransferases (NATs) or sulfotransferases activate the hydroxylamine metabolites to reactive intermediates that bind to DNA.