Table 2.
Correlates of Past-Year Remission from Prior-to-Past-Year DSM-5 Substance Use Disorder (SUD)
| Past-Year Remission Status (n = 7,690) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic Use vs. Abstinence | Symptomatic Use vs. Abstinence | Persistent/Recurrent SUD vs. Abstinence | |
| Correlates | AOR [95% Cl] | AOR [95% Cl] | AOR [95% Cl] |
| Sex | |||
| Female | — | — | — |
| Male | 0.9 [0.7, 1.0] | 1.2 [0.9, 1.5] | 1.2 [1.0, 1.5] |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | — | — | — |
| Black | 0.7 [0.5, 1.0] | 0.9 [0.6, 1.3] | 1.3 [0.9, 1.8] |
| Hispanic | 0.9 [0.6, 1.2] | 1.0 [0.7, 1.5] | 1.2 [0.9, 1.8] |
| Other | 1.1 [0.7, 1.7] | 1.0 [0.6, 1.6] | 1.3 [0.9, 2.0] |
| Age | |||
| 18–24 | — | — | — |
| 25–44 | 1.0 [0.6, 1.7] | 0.5 [0.6, 0.8]** | 0.4 [0.2, 0.6]*** |
| 45–64 | 0.5 [0.3, 0.8]** | 0.2 [0.1, 0.3]*** | 0.1 [0.1,0.2]*** |
| 65+ | 0.3 [0.2, 0.5]*** | 0.1 [0.1, 0.2]*** | 0.04 [0.02, 0.1]*** |
| Education | |||
| More than HS | — | — | — |
| High School | 0.9 [0.7, 1.1] | 0.9 [0.6, 1.1] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.2] |
| Less than HS | 0.5 [0.4, 0.7]*** | 0.5 [0.3, 0.7]*** | 0.7 [0.5, 0.9]** |
| Income | |||
| $40k or higher | — | — | — |
| $20k to $39,999 | 0.7 [0.6, 0.9] | 0.8 [0.5, 1.1] | 0.7 [0.5, 1.0] |
| Below $20k | 0.5 [0.4, 0.7]*** | 0.6 [0.4, 0.8]** | 0.6 [0.5, 0.8]** |
| Sexual identity | |||
| Heterosexual | — | — | — |
| Gay/Lesbian | 1.2 [0.6, 2.3] | 1.4 [0.7, 2.9] | 1.0 [0.5, 1.7] |
| Bisexual | 2.3 [1.1, 4.8] | 1.8 [0.7, 4.3] | 2.0 [1.0, 4.3] |
| Not sure/unknown | 1.0 [0.3, 3.0] | 0.8 [0.2, 3.4] | 1.9 [0.7, 5.2] |
| Childhood adversities1 | 0.99 [0.97, 1.02] | 0.98 [0.95, 1.01] | 0.99 [0.97, 1.01] |
| Marital status | |||
| Married/cohabiting | — | — | — |
| Never married | 0.9 [0.6, 1.2] | 1.2 [0.9, 1.7] | 1.8 [1.4, 2.4]*** |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 1.0 [0.8, 1.2] | 1.1 [0.8, 1.5] | 1.4 [1.1, 1.7]** |
| Stressful life events2 | 1.1 [1.0, 1.1] | 1.1 [1.0, 1.2]** | 1.2 [1.1, 1.3]*** |
| Type of prior SUD | |||
| Alcohol use disorder only | — | — | — |
| Alcohol and other SUD | 0.7 [0.5, 0.9] | 0.7 [0.5, 1.1] | 1.2 [0.9, 1.5] |
| Non-alcohol SUD only | 0.8 [0.6, 1.2] | 1.0 [0.7, 1.6] | 0.9 [0.6, 1.2] |
| Tobacco use disorder (TUD) | |||
| No lifetime TUD | — | — | — |
| Prior TUD+ only | 0.6 [0.5, 0.7]*** | 0.4 [0.3, 0.6]*** | 0.3 [0.3, 0.4]*** |
| Prior and/or past-year TUD+ | 1.1 [0.8, 1.3] | 1.2 [0.9, 1.5] | 1.3 [1.1, 1.6] |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | |||
| No lifetime PTSD | — | — | — |
| Prior PTSD+ only | 1.2 [0.6, 2.2] | 1.0 [0.5, 2.0] | 0.9 [0.4, 1.7] |
| Prior and/or past-year PTSD+ | 1.1 [0.8, 1.5] | 0.8 [0.5, 1.4] | 0.9 [0.6, 1.3] |
| Anxiety disorders3 | |||
| No lifetime anxiety disorder | — | — | — |
| Prior anxiety disorder only | 1.5 [1.0, 2.31 | 1.7 [0.9,3.01 | 1.5 [1.0,2.11 |
| Prior and/or past-year anxiety+ | 1.1 [0.8, 1.4] | 1.0 [0.7, 1.5] | 1.2 [0.9, 1.6] |
| Mood disorders4 | |||
| No lifetime mood disorder | — | — | — |
| Prior mood disorder only | 1.0 [0.7, 1.3] | 0.7 [0.5, 1.1] | 0.8 [0.6, 1.1] |
| Prior and/or past-year mood+ | 0.7 [0.5, 0.9]** | 0.8 [0.6, 1.1] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.4] |
| Substance treatment/help seeking | |||
| No | — | — | — |
| Yes | 0.3 [0.2, 0.4]*** | 0.3 [0.2, 0.4]*** | 0.5 [0.4, 0.6]*** |
Notes. AOR=odds ratio from multiple multinomial regression analysis adjusted for all correlates. 95% CI = confidence interval.
— = reference group.
**
p < .01
***
p < 0.001. Prior = prior-to-past-year.
1
Actual counts of adverse childhood experiences (0–24).
2
Actual counts of stressful life events (0–16).
3
DSM-5 anxiety disorders consisted of agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic, social and/or specific phobias.
4
DSM-5 mood disorders consisted of bipolar, dysthymia, and/or major depressive disorder.