Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients included in the study
| Variable | All patients (n=183) | <50 years (n=104) | ≥50 years (n=79) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 47.3 (12.4) | 38.7 (7.8) | 58.5 (7.2) | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 159 (86.9) | 89 (85.6) | 70 (88.6) | 0.547 |
| Female | 24 (13.1) | 15 (14.4) | 9 (11.4) | |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 22.3 (3.4) | 21.7 (3.5) | 23.1 (3.2) | 0.056 |
| Risk factors for HIV infection, n (%) | ||||
| Intravenous drug use | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Hetero/homosexual | 37 (20.2) | 19 (18.3) | 18 (22.8) | 0.522 |
| Unknown | 145 (79.2) | 84 (80.8) | 61 (77.2) | |
| Previous HIV treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Naïve | 108 (59.0) | 66 (63.5) | 42 (53.2) | 0.161 |
| Experienced | 75 (41.0) | 38 (36.5) | 37 (46.8) | |
| HIV-1 RNA copy, mean (SD), copies/mL | 195,249 (93,942.4) | 292,763 (122,477.8) | 62,630 (14,359.5) | 0.107 |
| HIV-1 RNA copy, n (%) | ||||
| HIV-1 RNA copy<100,000 copies/mL | 136 (76.8) | 72 (70.6) | 64 (85.3) | |
| HIV-1 RNA copy≥100,000 copies/m | 41 (23.2) | 30 (29.4) | 11 (14.7) | 0.026 |
| CD4+T-cell count, mean (SD), cells/mm3 | 316.3 (223.3) | 296.9 (220.6) | 343.2 (225.6) | 0.175 |
| CD4+T-cell count, cells/mm3, n (%) | ||||
| <50 | 27 (15.3) | 18 (17.6) | 9 (12.2) | |
| ≥50 to <200 | 33 (18.8) | 19 (18.6) | 14 (18.9) | 0.601 |
| ≥200 | 116 (65.9) | 65 (63.7) | 51 (68.9) | |
| HBV positive, n (%) | 11 (6.0) | 4 (3.7) | 7 (8.9) | 0.212 |
| HCV positive, n (%) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
| eGFR, mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 108.0 (20.2) | 113.0 (21.2) | 100.5 (16.2) | 0.004 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 28 (15.3) | 6 (5.8) | 22 (27.8) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 10 (5.5) | 1 (1.0) | 9 (11.4) | 0.003 |
| Dyslipidemia | 4 (2.2) | 1 (1.0) | 3 (3.8) | 0.317 |
| Cancer | 15 (8.2) | 4 (3.8) | 11 (13.9) | 0.014 |
| Asthma | 3 (1.6) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (2.5) | 0.579 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.3) | 0.432 |
| Dementia, cognitive impairment | 5 (2.7) | 2 (1.9) | 3 (3.8) | 0.653 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 (2.2) | 3 (2.9) | 1 (1.3) | 0.635 |
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia | 9 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (11.4) | <0.001 |
| Erectile dysfunction | 4 (2.2) | 2 (1.9) | 2 (2.5) | 1.000 |
| Myelodysplastic syndromes | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.3) | 0.432 |
| Gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease | 17 (9.3) | 7 (6.7) | 10 (12.7) | 0.171 |
| Thyroid disease | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.3) | 0.432 |
| Seizure | 4 (2.2) | 4 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.135 |
| Stroke | 7 (3.8) | 2 (1.9) | 5 (6.3) | 0.242 |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 2 (1.1) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.3) | 1.000 |
| Depression | 8 (4.4) | 4 (3.8) | 4 (5.1) | 1.000 |
| Opportunistic infections, n (%) | ||||
| Syphilis | 29 (15.8) | 15 (14.4) | 14 (17.7) | 0.545 |
| Pneumocystis pneumonia | 23 (12.6) | 14 (13.5) | 9 (11.4) | 0.676 |
| Candidiasis | 22 (12.0) | 15 (14.4) | 7 (8.9) | 0.252 |
| Varicella-Zoster virus | 14 (7.7) | 9 (8.7) | 5 (6.3) | 0.558 |
| Tuberculosis | 9 (4.9) | 5 (4.8) | 4 (5.1) | 0.937 |
| Cytomegalovirus | 9 (4.9) | 6 (5.8) | 3 (3.8) | 0.541 |
| Human papillomavirus | 9 (4.9) | 5 (4.8) | 4 (5.1) | 0.937 |
| Pneumonia | 9 (4.9) | 4 (3.8) | 5 (6.3) | 0.442 |
| Herpes simplex virus | 8 (4.4) | 6 (5.8) | 2 (2.5) | 0.289 |
| Mycobacterium avium complex | 4 (2.2) | 3 (2.9) | 1 (1.3) | 0.458 |
| Cryptococcosis | 4 (2.2) | 2 (1.9) | 2 (2.5) | 0.780 |
| JC virus | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.218 |
| Toxoplasmic encephalitis | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.5) | 0.103 |
| Kaposi’s sarcoma | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.382 |
| ARV regimens, n (%) | ||||
| NRTIs/NNRTIs | 37 (20.2) | 21 (20.2) | 16 (20.3) | |
| NRTIs/PIs | 100 (54.6) | 60 (57.7) | 40 (50.6) | 0.649 |
| NRTIs/INSTIs | 43 (23.5) | 21 (20.2) | 22 (27.8) | |
| NRTIs/NNRTIs/PIs | 3 (1.6) | 2 (1.9) | 1 (1.3) | |
Abbreviations: ARV, antiretroviral; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; INSTIs, integrase strand transfer inhibitors; NNRTIs, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NRTIs, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PIs, protease inhibitors.