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. 2018 Sep 20;3(18):e121718. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.121718

Figure 2. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a disease-associated microglia-like cellular subset in cerebrospinal fluid.

Figure 2

(A) Heatmap showing the top 15 genes whose expression levels are highest and most differentiating in each of the 5 myeloid subsets. (B) Venn diagram shows genes that were found in Myeloid-2 (blue) and across 2 independent transcriptomic studies of neurodegenerative disease–associated microglial cells derived from mouse brain (green [ref. 16] and orange [ref. 27]), with P < 10–13 and P < 10–4 for the probability of finding overlapping genes when comparing the Myeloid-2 subset to refs. 26 and 27, respectively). (C) Examination of an independent CSF sample from an HIV+ participant (HIV3) reveals a group of cells with high expression of the genes that characterize the CSF microglia-like myeloid subset (Myeloid-2). (D) Box plots showing the percentage of Myeloid-2 transcripts per cell in HIV+ CSF (n = 5,919 pooled cells), uninfected CSF (n = 1,770 pooled), and blood (n = 5,581 pooled cells), with P values comparing the distribution of Myeloid-2 transcripts between samples (Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test). Shown are the median (black line) and 25th and 75th percentiles (box outlines).