Figure 1. Activated T cells induce enteroid damage.

(A) Overall design of enteroid and T cell coculture experiments. (B) Enteroids cocultured with CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells (5 × 10⁴ cells per well) with (activated) or without (resting) anti-CD3/anti-CD28 beads. (C) Enteroid damage scoring system. Damage scores of enteroids cocultured with CD4⁺ (D) or CD8⁺ (E) T cells. Data are representative of 2 independent experiments and are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 100 enteroids per group); gray bars, enteroids alone; blue bars, enteroids plus resting T cells; red bars, enteroids plus activated T cells. Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was used to compare each group with the control group. ***P < 0.001. Scale bars: 200 μm.