Table 3. Complications in PCNL.

Complications		Supine	Prone	Total	p
Minor complications (Pain, isolated fever, perinephric bruise, bleeding after tube removal, bronchial spasm)		8.4% (16)	3.9% (2)	7.4% (18)	0.28
Blood transfusion		9.0% (16)	15.2% (7)	9.1% (23)	0.219
Pulmonary thromboembolism		0	1.9% (1)	0.4% (1)	0.53
Parenchymal visceral injury (Liver)*		0	1.9% (1)	0.4% (1)	0.53
Hollow visceral injury*		0	0	0	0.153
Pleural injury*		3.5% (5)	9.8% (5)	4.1% (10)	0.023
	Hydrothorax	2.1% (4)	5.8% (3)	1.5% (7)
	Pneumothorax	0.5% (1)	3.9% (2)	0.8% (3)
	Chest tube drain	0.5% (1)	5.8% (3)	1.6% (4)
	Expectant treatment	2.1% (4)	3.9% (2)	2.4% (6)
Any injury (thoracic/abdominal)		2.6% (5)	10.3% (6)	4.5% (11)	0.046
Ureteral stone migration		2.6% (5)	1.9% (1)	2.4% (6)	0.786
Sepsis		2.1% (4)	7.8% (4)	3.3% (8)	0.042
Severe sepsis and death (Clavien 5)		0.5% (1)	1.9% (1)	0.8% (2)	0.318

^*Mann-Whitney U test for any visceral injury supine vs. prone: p=0.046