Table 3.

Associations between period-specific fluoride intakes (independent variable) and radial bone characteristics (dependent variables) from fully-adjusted (height, weight, time since PHV, calcium and protein intake, and physical activity) multivariable robust regression analyses

	Radius (β-coefficient, p-value)
	Females
Fluoride time periods (years)	0–8.5 (n=140)		8.5–14 (n=125)		14–17 (n=122)		0–17 (n=112)
Bone Measures	β (SE)	p-value	β (SE)	p-value	β (SE)	p-value	β (SE)	p-value
Trabecular
Trabecular content (mg)	−2.60 (2.53)	0.31	−0.15 (2.21)	0.95	0.09 (1.84)	0.96	0.59 (3.30)	0.86
Trabecular density (mg/cm3)	2.22 (9.50)	0.82	−3.79 (8.08)	0.64	3.70 (6.59)	0.58	0.99 (12.14)	0.94
Cortical
Cortical content (mg)	−5.79 (2.54)	0.03*	−0.74 (2.19)	0.74	−1.19 (1.76)	0.50	−3.19 (3.33)	0.34
Cortical density (mg/cm3)	5.30 (4.44)	0.24	−4.30 (3.63)	0.24	0.42 (3.05)	0.89	−2.28 (5.46)	0.68
Strength
BSI` (mg2/mm4)	−1.08 (2.42)	0.66	−1.21 (2.12)	0.57	0.09 (1.76)	0.96	−2.00 (3.10)	0.52
pSSI`` (mm3)	−31.42 (12.28)	0.02*	−3.76 (9.95)	0.71	−7.34 (7.73)	0.35	−21.00 (14.95)	0.17
	Males
Fluoride time periods (years)	0–8.5 (n=125)		8.5–14 (n=112)		14–17 (n=115)		0–17 (n=105)
Bone Measures	β (SE)	p-value	β (SE)	p-value	β (SE)	p-value	β (SE)	p-value
Trabecular
Trabecular content (mg)	−4.83 (3.85)	0.21	−1.79 (3.52)	0.61	1.41 (2.57)	0.59	−5.63 (4.28)	0.19
Trabecular density (mg/cm3)	0.36 (10.77)	0.98	−3.36 (9.22)	0.72	1.27 (7.00)	0.86	−7.88 (11.51)	0.50
Cortical
Cortical content (mg)	2.94 (4.04)	0.47	−0.36 (3.49)	0.92	1.82 (2.63)	0.49	0.37 (4.10)	0.93
Cortical density (mg/cm3)	11.64 (6.09)	0.06	0.92 (4.94)	0.86	−0.51 (3.73)	0.90	−0.21 (6.16)	0.98
Strength
BSI` (mg2/mm4)	2.70 (4.29)	0.53	−0.79 (3.65)	0.83	1.83 (2.80)	0.52	0.72 (4.43)	0.88
pSSI`` (mm3)	−1.08 (19.57)	0.96	−2.02 (16.68)	0.91	14.60 (12.40)	0.24	8.05 (19.62)	0.69

^*Significant at 0.05 level

^**Significant at 0.01 level

`BSI: compression strength, ``pSSI: torsion strength (stress strain index polar)