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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2018 Dec;159(12):2442–2460. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001342

Table 3.

Description of Included Studies

Study Year Sample
Size		 Percent
Female		 Percent
White		 Mean
Age		 Chronic Pain
Diagnosis		 Catastrophizing
Questionnaire		 Outcome
Association		 Measure Used to
Assess Outcome		 ES
original		 ES
corrected
Benore et al. [8] 2015 119 77% 95% 15.1 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.18 0.18
                Physical
Functioning		 BAPQ-PFss 0.41 0.37
                Physical
Functioning		 PedsQL-PFss 0.46 0.50
                Anxiety BAPQ - GAss 0.57 0.65
                Anxiety BAPQ - PSAss 0.77 1.02
                Depression BAPQ - Dss 0.60 0.69
Bhandari et al.
[4]		 2016 352 75% 68% 13.9 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.26 0.26
                Physical
Functioning		 PROMIS - mobility 0.32 0.33
                Anxiety PROMIS - anxiety 0.64 0.76
                Depression PROMIS -
depression		 0.59 0.68
Chow et al. [15] 2016 195 76% 93% 13.8 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Anxiety RCMAS 0.54 0.60
                Depression CDI 0.45 0.48
Cousins et al.
[18]		 2015 58 79% 60% 14.6 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Pain Intensity VAS 0.44 0.47
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.47 0.51
                Quality of Life PedsQL −0.60 −0.69
Crombez et al.
[19]		 2003 43 54% 100% 11.83 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Pain Intensity VAS 0.49 0.54
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.50 0.55
Cunningham et
al. [20]		 2014 75 77% 83% 13.84 Abdominal Pain PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.44 0.47
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.53 0.59
Engel et al. [25] 2013 80 43% 77% 14.35 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) −0.25 −0.26
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.19 0.19
Flink et al. [30] 2016 6 83% 100% 18.33 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.72 0.91
                Anxiety HADS-A 0.57 0.65
                Depression HADS-D 0.01 0.01
Guite et al.(a)
[39]		 2011 138 84% 87% 15.6 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS Pain Intensity VAS 0.34 0.35
                Physical Functioning FDI 0.38 0.40
Guite et al.(b)
[38]		 2011 259 78% 93% 15.1 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.22 0.22
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.20 0.20
Heathcote et al.
[42]		 2017 66 83% - 13.97 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.28 0.29
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.31 0.32
                Anxiety RCADS-GADss 0.46 0.49
                Depression RCADS-MDDss 0.56 0.63
Hermann et al.*
[43]		 2007 71 - - - Mixed Pain
Sample		 PRCQ Pain Intensity CSI 0.30 0.31
    69 - - -     Anxiety CAT-II 0.60 0.69
    106 - - -     Depression DTC-DMss 0.30 0.31
                Depression DTC-ABss 0.13 0.13
                Depression DTC-Ess 0.21 0.21
Jones et al. [52] 2016 60 88% 50% 16.1 Lupus PCS Pain Intensity VAS 0.35 0.37
                Anxiety SCARED 0.52 0.58
                Depression CDI 0.58 0.66
                Quality of Life PedsQL −0.59 −0.68
Kashikar-Zuck et
al. [56]		 2013 100 93% 90% 15.02 Juvenile
Fibromyalgia		 PCQ Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.15 0.15
                Depression CDI 0.33 0.34
Keogh &
Eccleston** [59]		 2006 46
(male)		 0% - - Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCQ Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.44 0.47
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.32 0.33
                Anxiety SCAS 0.53 0.59
                Depression CDI 0.56 0.63
    115
(female)		 100% - -     Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.21 0.22
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.33 0.34
                Anxiety SCAS 0.50 0.55
                Depression CDI 0.58 0.66
Kröner-Herwig
& Maas [60]		 2013 60 55% NR 12.6 Headache PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.25 0.26
Libby &
Glenwick [64]		 2010 57 93% 2% 15.5 Juvenile
Fibromyalgia		 CSQ-C Pain Intensity VAS 0.33 0.34
                Depression CDI 0.46 0.50
                Quality of Life PedsQL −0.67 −0.81
Lomholt et al. (a)
[69]		 2013 91 77% NR 12.7 Arthritis PCQ Pain Intensity FPS-R 0.39 0.41
                Physical
Functioning		 CHAQ 0.22 0.22
Lomholt et al. (b)
[68]		 2015 19 79% NR 11.72 Arthritis PCQ Pain Intensity FPS-R 0.30 0.31
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.45 0.48
                Anxiety BAI 0.38 0.40
                Depression BDI 0.72 0.91
                Quality of Life PedsQL −0.53 −0.59
Lynch et al.**
[72]		 2007 70 0% - - Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCQ Pain Intensity VAS 0.20 0.20
    202 100% - -     Pain Intensity VAS 0.11 0.11
Lynch et al. [73] 2006 65 80% 91% 14.9 Chronic Back Pain PCQ Pain Intensity VAS 0.25 0.26
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.57 0.65
Lynch-Jordan et
al. [74]		 2013 240 77% 89% 14.76 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.38 0.40
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.51 0.56
                Depression CDI 0.58 0.66
                Quality of Life PedsQL −0.24 −0.24
Mano et al. [76] 2012 349 69% 77% 14.2 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Anxiety SCARED 0.56 0.63
                Quality of Life PedsQL −0.50 −0.55
Mano et al. [77] 2013 6 83% 67% 13.75 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS Physical
Functioning		 CALQ −0.38 −0.40
                Anxiety STAI-C Trait Scale 0.54 0.60
                Anxiety STAI-C State Scale 0.68 0.83
Miller et al. [78] 2016 139 72% 92% 15 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.58 0.66
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.34 0.35
Pielech et al. [84] 2014 697 77% 92% 13.9 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.26 0.27
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.32 0.33
                Anxiety RCMAS 0.45 0.48
                Depression CDI 0.35 0.37
Sil et al. (a) [95] 2016 40 NR NR NR Sickle Cell PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.05 0.05
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.20 0.20
                Depression CDI 0.04 0.04
                Quality of Life PedsQL −0.43 −0.46
Sil et al. (b) [96] 2016 100 61% 0% 13.54 Sickle Cell PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.26 0.27
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.31 0.32
Simons et al. (a)
[98]		 2015 206 73% 90% 13.6 Headache PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.21 0.22
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.46 0.49
Simons et al. (b)
[99]		 2015 321 75% 90% 13.73 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.40 0.42
Thastum et al.
[109]		 2005 56 80% - 11.4 Arthritis PCQ Pain Intensity VAS 0.33 0.34
Thastum et al.
[110]		 1999 16 - - - Arthritis PCQ Pain Intensity VAS −0.02 −0.02
Tran et al. [112] 2015 725 69% 75% - Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.38 0.40
                Physical
Functioning		 CALQ 0.48 0.52
                Anxiety SCARED 0.53 0.59
                Quality of Life PedsQL −0.50 −0.55
Tran et al. [111] 2017 13 100% 92% 15.94 Juvenile
Fibromyalgia		 PCS-C Pain Intensity VAS 0.57 0.65
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.50 0.55
                Depression CDI 0.44 0.47
van Tilburg et al.t
[113]		 2015 189 49% 88% 13.76 IBD PRI Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.55 0.62
                Depression CDI 0.54 0.61
    200 73% 96% 11.2 Abdominal Pain   Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.42 0.45
                Depression CDI 0.52 0.58
Verbunt et al.
[115]		 2015 71 91% - 17 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Pain Intensity VAS 0.41 0.44
                Physical
Functioning		 FDI 0.52 0.58
                Depression CDI 0.60 0.69
Vervoort et al.
[119]		 2006 43 54% 100% 11.8 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Anxiety STAI-C Trait Scale 0.57 0.65
Vervoort et al.
[120]		 2009 38 76% 100% 15.74 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS-C Pain Intensity NRS (0–10) 0.10 0.10
Vervoort et al.
[117]		 2008 61 57% 96% 13.33 Mixed Pain
Sample		 PCS Pain Intensity VAS 0.32 0.33
Warschburger et
al. [122]		 2014 170 64% NR 11.7 Abdominal Pain PRCQ-R Pain Intensity FPS-R 0.27 0.28
                Quality of Life KINDL-R −0.35 −0.37
*

Study reported different Ns for each measure;

**

Study reported separate correlations for boys and girls;

t

Study reported separate correlations by diagnosis subsample

Abbreviations: IBD = Inflammatory Bowel Disease, PCS = Pain Catastrophizing Scale (adult version), PCS-C = Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children, PRCQ-C = Pain-Related Cognitions Questionnaire for Children, PCQ = Pain Coping Questionnaire, CSQ-C = Coping Strategies Questionnaire for Children, PRI = Pain Response Inventory, BAPQ - Dss = Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire - Depression subscale, BAPQ - GAss = Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire - General anxiety subscale, BAPQ - PSAss = Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire - Pain-specific anxiety subscale, BAPQ-PFss = Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire - Physical functioning subscale, CALQ = Child Activity Limitations Questionnaire, CAT-II = Children’s Anxiety Test - II, CDI = Children’s Depression Inventory, CHQ-CF87 - MHss = Child Health Questionnaire - Mental Health subscale, CSI = Children’s Somatization Inventory, DTC-ABss = Depression Test for Children - Agitated Behavior subscale, DTC-DMss = Depression Test for Children - Dysphoric Mood subscale, DTC-Ess = Depression Test for Children - Exhaustion/somatic complaints subscale, FDI = Functional Disability Inventory, HADS-A = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety subscale, HADS-D = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Depression subscale, NRS = Numeric Rating Scale, FPS-R = Faces of Pain Scale - Revised, CHAQ = Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, PedsQL = Pediatric Quality of Life, PedsQL - EFss = Pediatric Quality of Life - Emotional Functioning subscale, PedsQL-PFss = Pediatric Quality of Life - Physical Functioning subscale, BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory, BDI = Beck Depression Inventory, PROMIS - anxiety = PROMIS Anxiety Question Bank, PROMIS - depression = PROMIS Depression Question Bank, PROMIS - mobility = PROMIS Mobility Question Bank, RCADS-GADss = Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale - Generalized Anxiety Disorder subscale, RCADS-MDDss = Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale - Major Depressive Disorder subscale, RCMAS = Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, SCARED = Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Disorders, SCAS = Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, STAI-C State Scale = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children-State scale, STAI-C Trait Scale = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children-Trait scale, VAS = Visual Analog Scale, PRCQ-R = Pain Related Coping Questionnaire - Revised