Table 9.

Comparison of Mean Effect Sizes

Association

Random-effects model	K	N	ES (r)	SE	95% C.I.	Z	Q	I²

Full Sample
Pain Intensity	35	4661	0.29^**	0.03	[0.24, 0.34]	11.37	85.12^**	60.06
Physical Disability	30	4622	0.39^**	0.03	[0.35, 0.43]	15.26	72.33^**	59.91
Anxiety	15	2867	0.55^**	0.03	[0.50, 0.59]	18.96	28.04^**	50.07
Depression	19	2691	0.49^**	0.04	[0.43, 0.55]	12.58	66.96^**	73.12
Quality of Life	10	1724	−0.48^**	0.06	[−0.56, −0.39]	−9.32	30.31^**	70.31

18 and under Sample
Pain Intensity	30	4369	0.30^**	0.02	[0.27, 0.33]	12.88	55.86^**	48.08
Physical Disability	26	4422	0.39^**	0.03	[0.34, 0.43]	14.65	65.28^**	61.70
Anxiety	12	2606	0.55^**	0.04	[0.49, 0.60]	16.07	27.99^**	60.70
Depression	15	2359	0.49^**	0.05	[0.41, 0.56]	10.62	62.77^**	77.70
Quality of Life	9	1664	−0.47^**	0.06	[−0.55, −0.37]	−8.56	28.53^**	71.96
Exclusively Chronic Pain (3+ months)
Pain Intensity	27	2678	0.27^**	0.03	[0.21, 0.34]	8.17	67.46^**	61.46
Physical Disability	22	2374	0.36^**	0.04	[0.30, 0.42]	10.57	51.89^**	59.53
Anxiety	11	1207	0.58^**	0.04	[0.53, 0.62]	18.29	12.44^**	19.61
Depression	17	1799	0.51^**	0.04	[0.45, 0.57]	13.11	41.67^**	61.60
Quality of Life	9	999	−0.48^**	0.07	[−0.58, −0.36]	−7.36	27.74^**	71.16

p<.05

^**

p<.01