Fig. 3.

Relative transcript levels of CfHSPs in SBW responding to heat stress during pre-diapause, diapause, and post-diapause. For heat shock treatment, larvae at pre-diapause (1, 2, and 3W), diapause (10 and 25W), and post-diapause (1, 3, and 5D) were heat stressed at 37 °C for 1 h or left at room temperature for 1 h as a control. The total RNAs were isolated from the heat-treated or control larvae, and the transcript levels of CfHSPs in the samples were quantified using RT-qPCR. Values are means ± SD of four biological replicates and are presented as relative expression levels between the stress and control after normalization to the expression of translation elongation factor-1α (Tef-1α). For each gene, different letters above the bars indicate significant differences compared with the other developmental times (P < 0.05)