Table 1.
List of Cytokines that Signal through the JAK/STAT Pathway
| Abbreviation | Name | Major Functions |
|---|---|---|
| Class I cytokines | ||
| IL‐2 family | ||
| IL‐2 | Interleukin‐2 | Immune response, T‐cell differentiation |
| IL‐4 | Interleukin‐4 | TH2 differentiation |
| IL‐7 | Interleukin‐7 | T‐, B‐cell growth factor |
| IL‐9 | Interleukin‐9 | Pleiotropic, Stimulates, T‐, B‐ and NK cells |
| IL‐15 | Interleukin‐15 | Stimulates T‐ and NK‐cells |
| IL‐21 | Interleukin‐21 | Stimulates, T‐, B‐ and NK cells |
| IL‐3 family | ||
| IL‐3 | Interleukin‐3 | Multi‐lineage haematopoietic growth factor |
| IL‐5 | Interleukin‐5 | B‐cell development, eosinophils |
| GM‐CSF | Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor | Multi‐lineage haematopoietic growth factor, especially monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils |
| IL‐6 family | ||
| IL‐6 | Interleukin‐6 | Pleiotropic, haematopoiesis, acute phase response, lymphoid differentiation |
| LIF | Leukemia Inhibitory Factor | Pleiotropic, blastocyst implantation, bone remodeling, CNS |
| CNTF | Ciliary NeuroTrophic growth Factor | Neuronal growth factor |
| CT1 | Cardiotrophin 1 | Cardiac myocytes growth factor |
| CLC | Cardiotrophin‐like cytokine | Neurological growth factor |
| OSM | Oncostatin M | Pleiotropic, bone formation |
| IL‐31 | Interleukin‐31 | Inflammatory, cell‐mediated immunty |
| NP | Neuropoietin | Neural growth factor |
| Homodimeric | ||
| G‐CSF | Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor | Stimulates granulocyte production, mobilises stem cells |
| EPO | Erythropoietin | Stimulates formation of erthrocytes |
| TPO | Thrombopoietin | Stimulates formation of megakaryocytes/platelets |
| GH | Growth Hormone | Growth |
| PRL | Prolactin | Milk production |
| LEP | Leptin | Regulates appetite |
| Others | ||
| IL‐12 | Interleukin‐12 | Stimulates T‐ and NK‐cells |
| IL‐13 | Interleukin‐13 | Pleiotropic, airway epithelia, allergic response |
| IL‐23 | Interleukin‐23 | Inflammation |
| TSLP | Thymic Stromal LymphoPoietin | Inflammatory, stimulates T‐ and B‐cells |
| Class II cytokines | ||
| Type I interferon | ||
| IFNα | Interferon alpha (23 subtypes) | Anti‐viral, secreted by lymphocytes, fibroblasts and monocytes |
| IFNβ | Interferon beta | Anti‐viral, ubiquitously expressed |
| IFNε | Interferon epsilon | Anti‐viral, expressed in female reproductive tract |
| IFNκ | Interferon kappa | Anti‐viral, expressed by keratinocytes |
| IFNω | Interferon omega | Anti‐viral, secreted by leukocytes |
| Type II interferon | ||
| IFNγ | Interferon gamma | Pro‐inflammatory, secreted by T‐ and NK‐cells, activates macrophages/monocytes |
| Type III interferon | ||
| IFNλ1 | Interferon lambda1 | Anti‐viral, similar to type I but acts on fewer cell‐types |
| IFNλ2 | Interferon lambda2 | Anti‐viral, similar to type I but acts on fewer cell‐types |
| IFNλ3 | Interferon lambda3 | Anti‐viral, similar to type I but acts on fewer cell‐types |
| IL‐10 family | ||
| IL‐10 | Interleukin‐10 | Anti‐inflammatory, inhibits macrophage activation |
| IL‐19 | Interleukin‐19 | Inflammatory, acts on dermal cells |
| IL‐20 | Interleukin‐20 | Inflammatory, acts on dermal cells |
| IL‐22 | Interleukin‐22 | Inflammatory, secreted by Th1 cells, acts on dermal cells |
| IL‐24 | Interleukin‐24 | Inflammatory, acts on dermal cells |
| IL‐26 | Interleukin‐26 | Antimicrobial, TH17 cytokine |