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. 2018 Nov 15;9:4798. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07241-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The dual-responsive performances of as-prepared composite films. a High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of a single W₁₈O₄₉ nanowire (W₁₈O₄₉NW) (Scale bar: 10 nm); Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images of b surface (Scale bar: 3 μm) and c cross-section (Scale bar: 500 nm) of the dual-responsive film; d Schematic illustration of measurement criteria of electrode deformation angles during the electrochemical reaction process in 1 M LiClO₄/propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte; e Digital photographs of synchronous electrochromic/actuating processes of the dual-responsive film. f Ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) transmittance spectra of the dual-responsive film measured at the original state, −0.9, −1.8 and 0.6 V, respectively; g In situ enlarged transmittance response and deformation angle response between the colored and bleached states for the dual-responsive film measured at +0.6 and −0.9 V bias; h In situ current (up) and transmittance (bottom, at 633 nm) responses between the colored and bleached states. i Optical density (OD) as a function of charge density for the dual-responsive film