Table 1.

Motility and kinematic parameters of fresh and frozen-thawed stallion spermatozoa which were incubated for 15 min either in the presence of 5 mM procaine or not (control) and evaluated by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) in a static droplet.

Sample	Group	Mot	Prog	VCL	VSL	VAP	LIN	STR	WOB	ALH	BCF
Fresh	Control	79.2 ± 4.0	55.5 ± 3.6	88.2 ± 5.3	25.1 ± 2.7	65.3 ± 4.3	32.6 ± 1.7	44.9 ± 1.5	73.7 ± 2.0	2.9 ± 0.1	5.6 ± 0.4
	5 mM Procaine	78.5 ± 5.4	55.1 ± 5.1	112.9 ± 6.7*	16.9 ± 1.0*	64.4 ± 1.7	20.7 ± 1.0*	34.8 ± 1.8*	58.5 ± 0.9*	4.4 ± 0.3*	5.8 ± 0.3
Frozen	Control	32.1 ± 4.6	19.5 ± 4.5	82.9 ± 8.7	28.5 ± 4.4	64.7 ± 7.5	34.1 ± 2.1	48.0 ± 2.2	70.4 ± 2.7	2.8 ± 0.2	4.1 ± 0.7
	5 mM Procaine	35.9 ± 5.9	26.0 ± 4.6	110.7 ± 4.2*	15.0 ± 0.8*	56.1 ± 0.3	16.5 ± 0.6*	31.6 ± 1.1*	50.6 ± 1.3*	4.8 ± 0.4*	7.5 ± 1.1

Fresh or frozen-thawed stallion spermatozoa were incubated in TALP medium for 15 min at pH 7.4 in presence or absence of 5 mM procaine and motility parameters were measured by CASA. Three replicates were performed. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. The CASA derived motility and kinematic parameters assessed were motility (Mot, %), progressive motility (Prog, %), curvilinear velocity (VCL; µm/s), straight line velocity (VSL; µm/s), average path velocity (VAP; µm/s), linearity (LIN, %), straightness (STR, %), wobble (WOB, %), amplitude of the lateral head displacement (ALH; µm) and beat cross frequency (BCF; Hz). Asterisks indicate statistical significance within column in either fresh or frozen-thawed semen samples (P < 0.05).