Table 2.

Description and value of demographic and epidemiological parameters.

Description (dimension)		Value	References
Demographic parameters
${\eta }_{Sa}^{max}$	Fertility rate of subadult females, maximum (births per female, annual)	0.30	*
η A	Fertility rate of adult females (births per female, annual)	0.90	72;*
η O	Fertility rate of old adult females (births per female, annual)	0.90	72;*
η VO	Fertility rate of very old adult females (births per female, annual)	0.50	*
${\mu }_B^{min}$	Probability of mortality of newborns, minimum (annual)	0.362	77
${\mu }_B^{max}$	Probability of mortality of newborns, maximum (annual)	0.85	|
${\mu }_{Juv}^{min}$	Probability of mortality of juveniles, minimum (annual)	0.218	*
${\mu }_{juv}^{max}$	Probability of mortality of juveniles, maximum (annual)	0.90	|
μ Sa♀	Probability of mortality of subadult females (annual)	0.052	*
μ Sa♂	Probability of mortality of subadult males (annual)	0.068	*
μ A♀	Probability of mortality of adult females (annual)	0.037	*
μ A♂	Probability of mortality of adult males (annual)	0.048	*
μ O♀	Probability of mortality of old adult females (annual)	0.078	*
μ O♂	Probability of mortality of old adult males (annual)	0.100	*
μ VO♀	Probability of mortality of very old adult females (annual)	0.146	*
μ VO♂	Probability of mortality of very old adult males (annual)	0.185	*
δ	Sex ratio	0.50	†
K	Carrying capacity	2,000	†
d	Strength of density dependence	0.0014	*
Epidemiological parameters
1/α	Duration of maternal immunity (days)	60	†
1/γ	Duration of viraemia (days)	51	79
1/ω	Duration of acquired immunity (years)	8	80
ρ	Probability of abortion	0.50	85
β T	Horizontal transmission coefficient by a transiently infected animal (per day)	0.01	‡
β P	Horizontal transmission coefficient by a PI animal (per day)	0.48	‡
μ T	Probability of mortality related to a transient infection (over the duration of viraemia)	0.76	‡
μ P	Probability of mortality of PI animals (annual)	0.75	90

*Calibrated using field data.

^|Calibrated to reach K at the disease-free equilibrium.

^†Experts knowledge.

^‡Approximate Bayesian Computation (see results in Supplementary Fig. S6).