Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds of serious complications
|
Serious complication* |
Pulmonary embolism |
Myocardial infarction |
Stroke |
Infection† |
Death |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| Female | 0·802 (0·733–0·878) | 0·640 (0·580–0·705) | 1·311 (1·106–1·555) | 1·021 (0·848–1·228) | 0·571 (0·433–0·752) | 0·406 (0·303–0·543) | 1·325 (1·006–1·745) | 0·818 (0·611–1·096) | 0·492 (0·421–0·575) | 0·454 (0·385–0·536) | 1·210 (0·922–1·588) | 0·852 (0·635–1·143) |
| Age group, years | ||||||||||||
| <20 | 0·491 (0·345–0·698) | 0·500 (0·345–0·724) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·993 (0·677–1·455) | 0·925 (0·617–1·387) | 0·214 (0·030–1·538) | 0·261 (0·036–1·883) |
| 20–39 | 0·690 (0·611–0·779) | 0·679 (0·597–0·773) | 0·482 (0·369–0·631) | 0·481 (0·358–0·646) | 0·029 (0·007–0·116) | 0·015 (0·002–0·109) | 0·133 (0·054–0·329) | 0·157 (0·063–0·392) | 1·119 (0·957–1·308) | 1·051 (0·891–1·239) | 0·432 (0·251–0·743) | 0·476 (0·269–0·841) |
| 40–59 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| 60–79 | 1·535 (1·397–1·688) | 1·417 (1·280–1·570) | 1·524 (1·270–1·829) | 1·422 (1·166–1·734) | 1·933 (1·518–2·462) | 1·794 (1·377–2·338) | 3·077 (2·288–4·137) | 2·425 (1·761–3·340) | 1·053 (0·897–1·237) | 1·081 (0·911–1·282) | 2·842 (2·099–3·847) | 2·533 (1·814–3·536) |
| ≥80 | 3·420 (2·706–4·324) | 2·898 (2·262–3·713) | 1·328 (0·657–2·684) | 1·122 (0·525–2·399) | 4·654 (2·682–8·076) | 4·065 (2·277–7·257) | 11·677 (7·040–19·369) | 6·941 (4·017–11·993) | 1·032 (0·551–1·932) | 1·119 (0·593–2·112) | 16·846 (10·809–26·254) | 11·620 (7·044–19·169) |
| Year of treatment (per year) | ||||||||||||
| Year | 1·000 (0·992-1·008) | 0·987 (0·978–0·996) | 1·010 (0·994–1·027) | 0·997 (0·979–1·016) | 1·012 (0·989–1·035) | 0·983 (0·958–1·009) | 1·025 (0·998–1·053) | 0·992 (0·962–1·023) | 0·992 (0·980–1·004) | 0·989 (0·976–1·002) | 0·990 (0·965–1·016) | 0·965 (0·937–0·994) |
| Modified Charlson comorbidity index (per unit) | ||||||||||||
| Charlson index | 1·083 (1·074–1·091) | 1·064 (1·055–1·074) | 1·048 (1·026–1·071) | 1·023 (0·998–1·048) | 1·113 (1·095–1·131) | 1·081 (1·061–1·102) | 1·144 (1·129–1·160) | 1·110 (1·092–1·128) | 1·027 (1·007–1·047) | 1·030 (1·009–1·050) | 1·133 (1·116–1·150) | 1·099 (1·079–1·119) |
| Index of multiple deprivation (quintile) | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| 2 | 1·086 (0·958–1·231) | 1·062 (0·931–1·211) | 1·016 (0·788–1·309) | 0·924 (0·702–1·218) | 1·239 (0·876–1·751) | 1·224 (0·850–1·761) | 1·180 (0·776–1·792) | 1·155 (0·748–1·783) | 1·108 (0·916–1·341) | 1·106 (0·908–1·346) | 1·051 (0·680–1·624) | 1·131 (0·718–1·781) |
| 3 | 1·183 (1·044–1·341) | 1·178 (1·033–1·344) | 1·211 (0·945–1·551) | 1·249 (0·961–1·624) | 1·144 (0·799–1·639) | 1·134 (0·774–1·661) | 1·413 (0·939–2·126) | 1·460 (0·958–2·224) | 1·153 (0·951–1·397) | 1·132 (0·928–1·382) | 1·362 (0·898–2·067) | 1·330 (0·849–2·082) |
| 4 | 1·123 (0·984–1·281) | 1·204 (1·048–1·383) | 1·052 (0·805–1·375) | 1·243 (0·939–1·646) | 0·976 (0·660–1·444) | 1·077 (0·709–1·636) | 1·232 (0·794–1·911) | 1·378 (0·873–2·177) | 1·140 (0·933–1·394) | 1·131 (0·917–1·396) | 1·727 (1·147–2·601) | 2·030 (1·310–3·145) |
| 5 | 1·122 (0·975–1·291) | 1·194 (1·027–1·388) | 1·108 (0·837–1·466) | 1·289 (0·952–1·744) | 1·318 (0·899–1·930) | 1·684 (1·123–2·526) | 1·241 (0·780–1·975) | 1·323 (0·800–2·186) | 1·063 (0·854–1·321) | 1·009 (0·800–1·273) | 1·477 (0·944–2·311) | 1·806 (1·107–2·944) |
| Rurality | ||||||||||||
| Urban | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| Rural | 1·076 (0·974–1·188) | 1·075 (0·964–1·199) | 1·121 (0·920–1·367) | 1·059 (0·849–1·323) | 1·247 (0·952–1·633) | 1·144 (0·846–1·548) | 1·218 (0·890–1·667) | 1·103 (0·780–1·558) | 1·008 (0·863–1·177) | 1·058 (0·895–1·250) | 1·094 (0·797–1·500) | 1·285 (0·908–1·816) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| White | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00 |
| Asian | 0·811 (0·614–1·072) | 0·855 (0·646–1·132) | 0·388 (0·173–0·868) | 0·407 (0·182–0·914) | 1·273 (0·676–2·396) | 1·490 (0·786–2·824) | 0·835 (0·344–2·032) | 0·964 (0·394–2·360) | 0·924 (0·620–1·376) | 0·929 (0·622–1·388) | 0·840 (0·345–2·043) | 0·967 (0·395–2·369) |
| Black | 1·079 (0·792–1·471) | 1·224 (0·894–1·674) | 0·642 (0·287–1·436) | 0·676 (0·300–1·520) | 0·210 (0·030–1·499) | 0·278 (0·039–1·990) | 1·105 (0·410–2·977) | 1·481 (0·541–4·055) | 1·590 (1·076–2·350) | 1·725 (1·160–2·565) | 1·111 (0·413–2·994) | 1·375 (0·504–3·751) |
| Mixed race | 0·992 (0·574–1·713) | 1·200 (0·694–2·075) | 0·620 (0·155–2·488) | 0·767 (0·191–3·083) | 0·610 (0·086–4·349) | 1·031 (0·144–7·374) | 0·801 (0·112–5·720) | 1·386 (0·193–9·931) | 1·596 (0·827–3·081) | 1·638 (0·846–3·171) | .. | .. |
| Other | 0·631 (0·373– 1·068) | 0·725 (0·428–1·228) | 0·550 (0·177–1·712) | 0·633 (0·203–1·975) | 0·361 (0·051–2·570) | 0·531 (0·074–3·792) | 0·474 (0·066–3·380) | 0·761 (0·106–5·449) | 0·419 (0·157–1·118) | 0·419 (0·157–1·121) | 1·905 (0·707–5·133) | 2·756 (1·017–7·471) |
Procedure-level multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age group, year, modified Charlson comorbidity index, index of multiple deprivation, rurality, and ethnicity. OR=odds ratio.
*
At least one serious complication within 90 days, defined as either pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, stroke, infection requiring surgery, fasciotomy, neurovascular injury, or death.
†
Infection requiring surgery (open or arthroscopic washout).