Table 1.
Characteristics of participating mothers, infants, and children 1–15 years in Karonga District, Malawi in the pre- and post-PCV13 periods.
| Pre-PCV13 period (2009–11) | Post-PCV13 period (2014) | p-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex | |||
| Infants 6 weeks | 35/70 (50.0%) | 75/146 (51.4%) | 0.97 |
| Infants 18 weeks | 33/71 (46.5%) | 26/44 (59.1%) | 0.26 |
| Children 1–4 years | 66/109 (60.6%) | 12/29 (41.4%) (unvaccinated) | 0.10 |
| 15/38 (39.5%) (vaccinated) | 0.04 | ||
| 27/74 (36.5%) (all) | 0.002 | ||
| Children 5–15 years | 72/144 (50.0%) | 40/89 (44.9%) | 0.54 |
| HIV-negative mothers | 135/135 (100%) | 144/144 (100%) | – |
| Age in years (mean, sd) | |||
| Children 1–4 years | 2.7, sd = 0.9 | 3.5, sd = 0.6 (unvaccinated) | <0.001 |
| 2.1, sd = 0.7 (vaccinated) | <0.001 | ||
| 2.7, sd = 1.0 (all) | 0.99 | ||
| Children 5–15 years | 7.8, sd = 2.6 | 8.5, sd = 3.0 | 0.002 |
| HIV-negative mothers | 26.3, sd = 6.9 | 24.2, sd = 6.3 | <0.001 |
| Number of children <5 years other than the recruited infant (households) | 0: 45/166 (27.1%) | 0: 79/148 (53.4%) | |
| 1: 92/166 (55.4%) | 1: 61/148 (41.2%) | <0.001 | |
| 2: 29/166 (17.5%) | 2: 8/148(5.4%) | ||
Information included for individuals with at least one sample result.
sd: standard deviation
1
p-values for the comparison between the pre-PCV13 and post-PCV13 period; using the Pearson’s χ2 test for categorical data and the Student’s t-test for numerical data.