Table 1.
Characteristics of Children and AYA (Adolescents and Young Adults) with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
| Total (n=184) | Child: 1–14y (n=91) | AYA: 15–39y (n=93) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | ||||
| Age | ||||
| Median (Interquartile Range) | 15y (4.75–34y) | 4y (3–10y) | 23y (19–30y) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 119 (64.7%) | 56 (61.5%) | 63 (67.7%) | 0.4 |
| Female | 65 (35.3%) | 35 (38.5%) | 30 (32.3%) | |
| Race/ Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 63 (34.2%) | 30 (33.0%) | 33 (35.5%) | 0.1 |
| African-American | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.1%) | |
| Hispanic | 99 (53.8%) | 46 (50.6%) | 53 (57.0%) | |
| Asian-Pacific Islander | 21 (11.4%) | 15 (16.5%) | 6 (6.5%) | |
| Insurance | ||||
| Private | 85 (46.2%) | 48 (52.8%) | 37 (39.8%) | 0.2 |
| Public | 66 (35.9%) | 30 (33.0%) | 36(38.7%) | |
| No Insurance / Unknown | 33 (17.9%) | 13 (14.3%) | 20 (21.5%) | |
| SES | ||||
| Low | 32 (17.4%) | 10 (11.0%) | 22 (23.7%) | 0.2 |
| Mid-Low | 36 (19.6%) | 18 (19.8%) | 18 (19.4%) | |
| Mid | 39 (21.2%) | 23 (25.3%) | 16 (17.2%) | |
| Mid-High | 39 (21.2%) | 20 (22.0%) | 19 (20.4%) | |
| High | 38 (20.7%) | 20 (22.0%) | 18 (19.4%) | |
| Insurance + SES Combined | ||||
| Private Insurance + High SES | 47 (25.5%) | 26 (28.6%) | 21 (22.6%) | 0.3 |
| Public/None + Mid/Low SES | 69 (37.5%) | 29 (31.9%) | 40 (43.0%) | |
| Mixed Profile1 | 68 (37.0%) | 34 (31.9%) | 32 (34.4%) | |
| Treatment Variables | ||||
| Therapy | ||||
| Pediatric | 102 (55.4%) | 84 (92.3%) | 18 (19.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Adult | 65 (35.3%) | 0 (0%) | 65 (69.9%) | |
| Mixed | 7 (3.8%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (7.5%) | |
| International | 10 (5.4%) | 7 (7.7%) | 3 (3.2%) | |
| Oncology Service | ||||
| Pediatric | 101 (54.9%) | 84 (92.3%) | 17 (18.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Adult | 71 (38.6%) | 0 (0%) | 71 (76.3%) | |
| Mixed | 2 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.2%) | |
| International | 10 (5.4%) | 7 (7.7%) | 3 (3.2%) | |
| Oncology Service + Therapy | ||||
| Pediatric Oncology / Pediatric Therapy | 101 (54.9%) | 84 (92.3%) | 17 (18.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Adult Oncology / Adult Therapy | 65 (35.3%) | 0 (0%) | 65 (69.9%) | |
| Mixed Oncology / Mixed Therapy | 18 (9.8%) | 7 (7.7%) | 11 (11.8%) | |
| Duration of Maintenance Mean (SD) in Months | ||||
| All patients | 19 (11.2) | 23.5 (8.5) | 14.9 (12) | <0.01 |
| Patients who completed therapy | 25.4 (6.8) | 25.3 (6.5) | 25.4 (7.3) | 0.9 |
| Duration of Consolidation Mean (SD) in Months | ||||
| All patients | 7.2 (3.6) | 8.0 (3.6) | 6.5 (3.5) | <0.01 |
| Patients who completed therapy | 8.0 (3.5) | 8.2 (3.6) | 7.7 (3.4) | 0.5 |
| Clinical Trial Enrollment | ||||
| Enrolled on Clinical Trial | 60 (32.6%) | 39 (42.9%) | 21 (22.6%) | 0.003 |
| Not Enrolled on Clinical Trial | 124 (67.4%) | 52 (57.1%) | 72 (77.4%) | |
| Clinical Prognosticators | ||||
| White Blood Cell Count At Diagnosis | ||||
| WBC <50K | 129 (70.1%) | 67 (73.6%) | 62 (66.7%) | 0.3 |
| WBC >50K | 55 (29.9%) | 24 (26.4%) | 31 (33.3%) | |
| Response to Therapy at the End of Induction2 | ||||
| M1 marrow at End of Induction | 139 (75.5%) | 78 (85.7%) | 61 (65.6%) | <0.01 |
| M2-M3 marrow at End of Induction | 18 (9.8%) | 4 (4.4%) | 14 (15.1%) | |
| Other | 27 (14.7%) | 9 (9.9%) | 18 (19.4%) | |
| Immunophenotype | ||||
| Precursor B-cell | 149 (81%) | 79 (86.8%) | 70 (75.3%) | 0.04 |
| T-cell | 35 (19%) | 12 (13.2%) | 23 (24.7%) | |
| High Risk Cytogenetic Profile3 | ||||
| High Risk Cytogenetic Profile | 18 (9.8%) | 5 (5.5%) | 13 (14.0%) | 0.05 |
| No presence of high risk features | 166 (90.2%) | 86 (94.5%) | 80 (86%) | |
| CNS Disease | ||||
| Positive | 6 (3.3%) | 2 (2.2%) | 4 (4.3%) | 0.3 |
| Negative | 168 (91.3%) | 86 (94.5%) | 82 (88.2%) | |
| Unknown | 10 (5.4%) | 3 (3.3%) | 7 (7.5%) | |
Mixed Profile in this situation reflects a combination of either Public or No Insurance + High SES or Private Insurance + Low SES.
Response to therapy at the end of induction was grouped as follows: (a) patients with an M1 marrow (<5% blasts) at the end of induction; (b) patients with an M2-M3 marrow (≥5% blasts) at the end of induction, but with M1 marrow on follow-up evaluation after additional therapy; (c) patients who did not have a documented end of induction marrow, but the first marrow documented after initiation of treatment (>36 days) was M1 (“Other”).
High-risk cytogenetic profile indicates presence of either: Philadelphia chromosome, MLL rearrangement and/or hypodiploidy.