TABLE 1.

Factors associated with animal-level prevalence of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii for camel populations of southeastern Algeria.

Factor	Category	N	Coxiella burnetii				P
			Positive		Negative
			n	%	n	%
Geographic location (province, locality)	Ouargla	43	28	65.1	15	34.9	0.683
	Biskra	45	32	71.1	13	28.9
	El-Oued	42	32	76.2	10	23.8
	Ghardaia	54	40	74.1	14	25.9
Sex	Male	14	6	42.9	8	57.1	0.013
	Female	170	126	74.1	44	25.9
Breed	Sahraoui	143	106	74.1	37	25.9	0.179
	Tergui	41	26	63.4	15	36.6
Age class (years)	< 3	17	8	47.1	9	52.9	0.002
	3–7	57	36	63.2	21	36.8
	8–11	39	27	69.2	12	30.8
	> 11	71	61	85.9	10	14.1
Herd size (head)	Large (> 50)	128	100	78.1	28	21.9	0.012
	Medium (20–50)	46	27	58.7	19	41.3
	Small (< 20)	10	5	50.0	5	50.0
Contact with other camel herds	Yes	180	131	73.3	49	27.2	0.036
	No	4	1	25.0	3	75.0
Husbandry system	Extensive	122	88	72.1	34	27.9	0.211
	Semi-intensive	24	14	58.3	10	41.7
	Intensive	38	30	78.9	8	21.1
Divagation	Yes	89	62	69.7	27	30.3	0.376
	No	95	70	73.7	25	26.3
History of abortion†	Yes	65	46	70.8	19	29.3	0.411
	No	102	78	76.5	24	23.5
Introduction of purchased animals	Yes	97	68	70.1	29	29.9	0.603
	No	87	64	73.6	23	26.4
Presence of ticks	Yes	103	81	78.6	22	21.4	0.019
	No	81	51	63.0	30	37.0
Source of water	Well	126	91	72.2	35	27.8	0.830
	Lakes/streams	58	41	70.7	17	29.3
Contact with sheep and goats	Yes	91	66	72.5	25	27.5	0.814
	No	93	66	71.0	27	29.0

Univariate analyses (χ² test for significance).

^†, Excludes she-camels < 3 years of age who typically do not reproduce.