Table 3.

Benefits and barriers of digital health technology for medication adherence.

Study author, year	Digital health technology	Benefits	Barriers
Aikens et al, 2014 [40]	IVRa-tailored text messages; clinician notification	Interactive, tailored SMSb text messages; clinician notification	Development of tailored SMS text messages
Arora et al, 2014 [41]	Daily SMS text messages in English or Spanish	Frequent reminders, available in English or Spanish	One-way reminders
Bobrow et al, 2016 [42]	SMS text messaging	SMS text message reminders by mobile phone	Use of refill data; availability of medications
Davidson et al, 2015 [43]	Electronic medication trays: reminder signals; reminder SMS text messages	Culturally sensitive	Expense of electronic medication trays
Edelman et al, 2015 [44]	TEACH-DMc: call from nurse; tailored SMS text messages; diabetes- and hypertension-focused content versus nontailored, noninteractive information	Tailored SMS text messages	Development of tailored SMS text messages
Katalenich et al, 2015 [45]	SMS text messages or phone call reminders to use automated system; no interaction unless severely high or low glucose	SMS text message reminders by mobile phone	No interaction unless severely high or low glucose
Kim et al, 2006 [46]	SMS text messages and Internet education	Medication reminders and education	Nurse SMS text message expense
Migneault et al, 2012 [48]	Automated, multi-behavior intervention or education-only control	Culturally adapted reminders and education	Expense of computer-based, interactive counseling system; development of tailored SMS text messages
Nelson et al, 2016 [47]	SMS text messages/IVR: deliver and tailor text messages and voice communications to promote MAd	Tailored SMS text messages and IVRs	Expense of communication platform; development of tailored SMS text messages
Nundy et al, 2014 [49]	Web-based software reminders and texted-back responses to questions	Interactive (text-back), mobile-based, educational messages and reminders	Expense of Web-based software
Shane-McWhorter et al, 2014 [22]	Telemonitoring with asynchronous measurements transmitted from the patient to a remote care coordinator: pharmacist or certified diabetes educator	Self-management; patient data entered for clinician review	Expense of remote care coordinator
Wakefield et al, 2011 [26]	Closed surveillance via home telehealth device and nurse care management	Self-management; patient data entered for clinician review	Expense of nurse care management
Wild et al, 2016 [50]	Supported telemonitoring intervention involved self-measurement and transmission to a secure website; review by family practice clinicians	Clinician notification	Expense of telemonitoring infrastructure and password-protected server

^aIVR: interactive voice response.

^bSMS: short message service.

^cTEACH-DM: Tailored Case Management for Diabetes and Hypertension.

^dMA: medication adherence.